Why did Tsarism survive the 1905 revolution and Russias economy Pre war

Why did Tsarism survive the 1905 revolution? (The October Manifesto)

October 30th 1905 manifesto -> Promised democratic rights, like the duma (vote and freedom)

How did it appease the liberals?

Appeased to transform Russia from an autocracy to a constitutional monarchy with democratic rights

Why was the October Manifesto important?

It stopped strikes and protests buying the Tsar time to take back control

Why did Tsarism survive the 1905 revolution? (As the Tsars opposition were divided)

Liberals -> October manifesto appeased the liberals by promising them a duma and rights. Socialists/Radicals -> Wanted to overthrow the Tsar. Most of their leaders were in exile in Europe (Lenin & Trotsky)

Why was the St Petersburg soviet disorganised

All strikes and uprisings happened at different times

Why did Tsarism survive the 1905 revolution? (As the armed forces remained loyal)

Treaty with Japan -> Gov payed back-pay & better working conditions + better rations too. (Returned via trans-siberian railway)

What happened to shut down Moscow?

Semyonovsky regiment killed 1000+ people. Proved the Tsar was in power

What was Russia's industry status pre war devlop

4th largest producer in the world of pig iron, steel, coal. 0.7 % slow in how only modern fry (status in factories)

What did the Transiberian railway 1891-1902 help with?

Transport goods to Europe/Asia, encourage trade and transport raw materials/easier to supply factories to increase trade across Russia

Describe one event that made the 1905 revolution a serious threat to Tsarism Sunday

the soldiers' actions on blood Sunday, shattering the image of the Tsar as the little father and the strikes across the country slowed the economy down. They massacred peaceful protesters even children which lead to the people not believing that the Tsar was a kind and caring ruler as the people previously thought

Describe one event that made the 1905 revolution a serious threat to Tsarism Strikes

The strikes across the country in October paralysed the economy so much that the Tsar was forced to publish the October Manifesto, leading many Russians to believe that the Tsar could be pressured into making decisions.

Describe the reforms that occurred after the 1905 revolution

Instated a Duma, parliament elected the people, among other civil liberties

The Duma was to be elected by the people ans stated that no laws could be passed without its approval

Uncensored newspapers which were previously often redacted,

rights to assemble trade unions

D3escribe the policies introduced in the Russian Fundamental laws 1906

The russian state is one and indivisible (poles and other nations wanted to split)

The tsar ratifies laws and without his ratification no laws can go into effect

The duma will last for 5 years, and the state duma can be dissolved at any time by the Tsar

Describe Stolypin's land reforms

Wanted to stop small strip farming

Peasant land bank was created where peasants could loan money to buy land to farm more produce and farm more efficiently

Kulaks were created roughly 15% of peasants took up the offer

1913 record grain harvest

But 85% of peasants still strip farmed

Describe terror under Stolypin and the Tsar

Thousands of Stolypins opponents were executed

This Hangman's noose became known as Stolypin's necktie

How was Tsarism eakened by WW1

Defeat at tannenburg 300,00 dead or wounded

Masurian lakes over 125,000 people killed/captured

1914

Describe morale in WW1 amongst soldiers and their equiptment

Very low with 25% of soldiers being sent into battle with no weapons and some without boots in freezing cold weather

1/3 of men had no rifles. The army had no horses wagons or first aid supplies

Describe the leadership in WW1

Very poor when they ordered soldiers to attack Rai-mestro heights, after conquering it leadership ordered them to retreat.

Lack of co-operation in the higher command led to a loss of many soldiers around 75% casualty rate

What was the casualtiy rate in WW1

75% roughly

Describe the effect of WW1 on the cities

Food shortages.

Most of the peasants were at war so few were left to farm so less food being produced. And the trains were used for the armies leading to no food being transported between the country

Fuel shortages]Many factories closed leading to unemployed workers with little to no money for food and cold weather

And most factories still open were used to contribute towards the war effort

Why did soldiers emphathise with the people in 1917 around the war

As normal Russian soldiers in Petrograd were sent to the front lines so soldiers were drawn from the capital, so the loyalty of the soldiers was with the citizens of petrograd not the Tsar

What mistake di Nicholas make in the war

Takes the role of Commander in chief for the army and navy

This lead him liable for all the losses

Personally responsible and liable

The capital was under control of the Tsarina who was a German and Rasputin

Tsarina and Rasputin bad mistakes

Tsarina sacks able ministers for loyal friends of Rasputin

With nobody in charge as the tsarina kept changing ministers] the situation got worse

What did Rasputin's murder show

Price Yusopov murdered him in late 1916

Shows that the nobility have lost faith in the Tsar

Describe the events leadin up to the 1917 revolution

Feb 40,000 workers from Putilov steel go on strike for higher wages

International woman's day in Feb, more women join strikes

Protest builds with more men and women taking to the streets

Tsar doesn't believe it is a serious threat so doesn't return

Feb 1917 soldiers refuse to fire on the crowds

Nicholas tries to get back to Petrograd but his train is blocked.

He abdicates

Describe the crisis of Feb `1917

The rail network was collapsing

No repairs made

Army had requisitioned 1/3 or rolling stock

Military were prioritized in the railway

Peasants were hoarding grain, low gov prices offered

TERRIBLE WEATHER 1916-17 VERY COLD

What did industriliasation lead to

Railways needed steel, coal, iron, brick

More jobs and wages for workers who have more money to spend

Consumer industries develop

New markets for farmers due to railways

State gains more taxes to provide better services and modernizes the army

How much had inflation gone up by vs wages

300% vs wages which had gone up 100%

peasants couldn't afford heating food ect