4) The ideologica FOundation of the Cold War

Napolean: The birth of mass nationalism

• The nation state as something worth living and dying for

• Mercenary armies just wanted to get paid and stay alive

• Napoleon created an army of people willing to die and defeated mercenary armies

19th Century Nationalism

• Armies get much bigger = need more taxes

• Bismarch:

• Czar Alexander

Bismarch

• 19th century nationalism

• Unified Germany

• intensified competition between countries as govt increased presented military strength as nations greatness

Czar Alexander

• 19th century nationalism

• French nationalims

• Powerful monarch, mility, ad display of wealth to unite and show authoruty

20th century idieolgy

• Makes war even more intense

• Offers and ecplanation of how society should work and who should hold power and what the future should look like

• communism

• Nazism

• liberal democray

20th century ideology and what that means for civilians

• You are now mobalizing ur population

  • workers, children, farmers

• So leaders argue that attacking the enemys home front was necessary to defeat them

Fireboming of Tokyo

• March 1945

Basics of WW!

• Began 1914

• Woodrow Wilson

  • “WW1 made teh world safe for Democracy”

• Germany in 2-front war with Britain/France and Russia

• Trench warfare

• 1917

  • Russian Revolution (Bolsheviks in power) they leave war in 1918

  • US joins the war and defeat germnay in 1918

Woodrow Wilson

• League of Nations to secure peace

Leauge of Nations

• Republican in US senate reject treats

• 1920s and 1930 US isolationism

Basics of WW2

• 1936s HItler seices power, remilitarizes and occupies Rhineland in violation of WW1 treaty

• Alliance join against Germany

• 1938 Hitler demands Sudetenlan

• 1939 HItler absorbs Austria and czech lands and poland

• 1940 Hitler conquers France

• 1940: hitler losses air war against britain

• 1941 Hitler invades soviet union

• dec 1941 pearl harbor

• 1942 hitler controls europe except for briatin and moscow

• 1942-1944 most of ww2 faught in soviet union

• 1944 normandy invasion (france)

• 1945 Harry truman presidency

• 1945 Yalta confrence

FDR Atlantic Charter

• 1941 BEFORE us entered war

• FDR and Churchill outline between postwar world

• SELF DETERMINATION

  • No territorial expansion for its own sake.

  • No territorial changes against the wishes of the people concerned.

  • The right of peoples to choose their government.

  • Restoration of independence to nations deprived of it.

  • Equal economic opportunities and access to trade and raw materials.

  • Improved labor standards and economic security.

  • Cooperation and peaceful relations among nations.

Uncomfortable ALlies

• US and Briatin Democracies

• Soviet Union totalitarian state under Stalin

The Yalta Conference

• Roosevelt, Churchhill, and Stalin

• Big 3

• Discuss end of war and Europe future

• From the Soviet perspective, friendly governments could create a protective buffer against another invasion from the West.

• From the American and British perspectives, Soviet domination undermined the promises of self-determination and free elections.

Post war Poland

• Run by Lubil COmmittee

• Soviet Union wanted to be surrounded by countries who wouldn’t threaten them and wanted to establish similar totalitarian government around them

• US wanted self determination adn free elections

Roosevelt dies

• April 1945

Truman

• Senetor durring war

• Oversees corruption in defense indusrt

• was VP before roosevelts death

• becomes pres in 1945

• Inherits A-Bomb project

Marxism-Leninism

• Official ideology of soviet stated

• Under ANdrei Chdanov

• 1946-47

Andrey Zhdanov

• Member of Bolsheviks

• Imposed cultural controls after 1947

• Extremem propoganda

Western abstract art vs societ socialist realism

• Soviets depicted workers, farmers, industrail progresss

  • socialism = good

• U.S. disconnected from the ordinary working people, or showed great freedom of expression

Ivan Pavlov and conditioned reflexes

• “Behavior can be shaped through learning and associations”

• Soviet politicians wanted scietific explnations of human behavior tha appeared conssitent with tehir worldview

Trofim Lysenko

• Why does this matter? It shows what can happen when political ideology determines which scientific claims are allowed to succeed. Instead of testing theories against evidence, authorities may favor the theories that support their preferred worldview.

Potsdam Conference

• July 1945

• Truman, Churchill, Stalin (New Big 3)

• The Allies discussed Germany's occupation, postwar arrangements, and the war against Japan.

• Truman pushed it back to test “Trinity” July 1945 (After hitler surrendered)

Greek Civil War

• 1946-1949

• Greek monarchy attacke dby communists

• The democratic army of greec and por communits unit was fromed to resisit

James Forrestal

• First secretay of defence

• Favored military control of A-bomb

• Truman fears as threat to presidential authority

• He was froced to resign and then died

Truman Doctrine

• 1947

• Military assistance to Greece and Turkey (under threat of communismt

• Trumans argument theworld was divided

  • Demcoracy: free elections, representative govt, freedom of speech and religion

  • Totalitariansim/Communism: rule by a minority, oppression, censorship, fixed election

Importance of Truman Doctrine

• 1947

• Marke dthe begininning of the Cold war policy of containment

• Committed the US to stopping the spread of communism around the world

Domino effect Truman wanted to prevent

• If Greece feel then so would turkey

• They the rest of the middle east

• Then the who world