Unit 2 Anatomy Terms

phosholipid bilayer

hydrophillic head face aqeous environments inside and outside the cell and hydrophobic tails hide in center of membrane (proteins, cholestrol, and other molecules also present)

cell projections

not found in all cells, used for movement

cilia

move materials across membrane

flagella

move whole cell

body fluid

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

ICF

fluid inside cells

ECF

fluid outside of cells

plasma

liquid part of blood; in blood vessels

interstitial fluid

directly bathes cells

selective permeability

allows some to pass while blocking others

what goes through a cell wall easily?

small and no polar materials

what can’t pass through the cell wall easily?

charged or polar materials are blocked

passive transport

no energy required, movement until concentrations inside and outside equal , moves high to low

active transport

uses energy, moves low to high

concentration gradient

difference in concentration between two places

diffusion

passive movement of any molecule which can be through the membrane or not

which types of cells are more efficient in diffsion?

smaller cells

osmosis

passive diffusion of water across the membrane in which water moves to areas with less water

hypotonic

cell swells b/c ECF has more water

hypertonic

cell shrinks because ECF has less water

isotonic

cell doesn’t change because ECF has same ammount of water

facilitated diffusion

passive movement across membrane through protein with high to low concentration

exocytosis

active movement out of cell where materials are carried in a vesicle and emptied to outside through the membrane

endocytosis

active movement into cell where material is surrounded by vesicle and emptied in the cell through he membrane

body tissue

groups of cells with similar structure and function

purpose of epithelium

covering and lining

purpose of onnective

support

purpose of nervous

control

purpose of muscle

movement

cellularity

cells are tightly packed together

avascular

no blood vessels, nourished by diffusion from connective tissue

polarity type: apical

free side, open space called lumen

polarity type: basal

attatched side; ancored to connective tissue

visceral membrane

covers organs

parietal membrane

lines body cavities

epidermis

covers outside of the body

purpose of epidermis

protection, absorption, secretion, excretion

simple

one layer

more than 1

stratified

squamous

flattened

cubiodal

cube like

columnar

column like

where is simple squamous found

lungs an capillaries

where is simple cubiodial

found lining kidneys and ducts

where is simple columnar

found lining digestive tract and uterus

stratified epithelium

can be squamous, cubiodal, or columnar

how many layers does stratified epithelium have and where is it

many layers and its structre is modified based on location

cyte cells

maintain and repair matrix

blast cells

produce new matrix

ground substance

filla space between cells and fibers

collagen fibers provide_________

strength

elastic fibers provide ______

flexibility

lucanae

spaces between matrix

what benefit does a highly vascular substance have

fast healing

skeletal muscle tissue

moves bones

cardiac muscle tissue

heart muscle

smooth

surrounds blood vessels, digestive tract

nuerons

many extensions, rarely divides

glia

supports neurons