Object-Oriented Programming and Java Concepts Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering programming paradigms, core object-oriented programming concepts, Java history, structure, data types, operators, and user input handling based on the lecture notes.

Algorithm

A finite, step-by-step set of well-defined instructions designed to solve a specific problem or perform a calculation.

Computer Program

A set of written instructions that tells a computer what to do.

Programming Paradigm

An approach to solve a problem using a programming language, tools, and techniques.

Procedural Programming

An imperative programming approach that uses a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do step-by-step and relies on procedures or subroutines to perform computations.

Object-Oriented Programming

An extension of procedural programming that involves creating classes, creating objects from those classes, and creating applications.

SIMULA

A simulation programming language developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard, recognized as the first object-oriented programming language.

Object

The basic unit of object-oriented programming; a component of a program that knows how to perform certain actions and interact with other elements, composed of attributes and methods.

Attribute

A characteristic that defines an object, differentiates objects of the same class, and whose value represents the object's state.

Method

A function organized as a self-contained block of program code used to expose the behavior of an object.

Class

A logical entity, template, or blueprint from which objects with common properties are created.

Inheritance

An OOP concept where a child subclass acquires all properties and behaviors of a parent superclass, providing code reusability and runtime polymorphism.

Polymorphism

The ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple forms, allowing one interface or method to have multiple implementations.

Encapsulation

A mechanism that binds data and code together as a single unit to hide variables and methods from unwanted modifications.

Abstraction

The quality of dealing with ideas rather than events by hiding internal implementation details and displaying only essential features to the user.

Green Project

A research project at Sun Microsystems led by James Gosling intended for consumer electronic devices that led to the development of Java.

Oak

The original name given in 1992 to the Java programming language, named after an oak tree outside James Gosling's office.

WORA

An acronym standing for 'Write Once, Run Anywhere', describing Java's cross-platform portability.

Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

A Java feature used in distributed applications that allows a program to invoke a method of another program across a network.

Javadoc Comments

Special Java comments that begin with /** and end with */ used to generate HTML documentation for Java programs.

Primitive Data Types

Predefined simple data types in Java, such as byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean.

Class Data Types

Non-primitive reference data types in Java that represent objects containing both data and methods.

Unicode Character

A 16-bit character set used by Java's char type that replaces the 8-bit ASCII set to support characters from various languages.

Java Identifiers

Case-sensitive tokens used to represent the names of variables, methods, and classes in Java.

Constant

A read-only variable declared with the final keyword in Java that stores a fixed value that cannot be changed during program execution.

Unary Operators

Operators such as increment (++) and decrement (--) used to increase or decrease a numeric variable's value by 1.

Conditional Operator

A ternary operator in Java formatted as exp1?exp2:exp3 that evaluates expressions based on a condition.

BufferedReader

A Java class in the java.io package used to read text efficiently from a character-input stream.

InputStreamReader

A class in java.io that serves as a bridge converting byte streams into character streams.

Scanner Class

A utility class in java.util used to parse primitive types and strings from input using methods such as nextLine(), nextInt(), and nextDouble().

Integer.parseInt()

A static method in the Integer class that parses a String argument and converts it into a primitive integer value.

Programming Paradigms Classification

A diagram categorizing programming paradigms into Imperative (Procedural, Object Oriented, Parallel Processing) and Declarative (Logic, Functional, Database Processing).

Syntax to Declare a Class

The structural layout for defining a class in Java, specifying fields and methods within curly braces.

Encapsulation Capsule Analogy

An illustration comparing class encapsulation to a medical capsule, where variables and methods are kept safe and hidden inside.

Java Data Types Memory Sizes

A chart specifying the kind of value and memory footprint for Java primitive data types: byte (1 byte), short (2 bytes), int (4 bytes), long (8 bytes), float (4 bytes), double (8 bytes), char (2 bytes), and Boolean (1 bit).