Flashcards Cells and Tissues

Epithelial Tissues

Located in body coverings/linings, and glandular tissue; Functions include absorption, protection, filtration, and secretion

Epithelium Characteristics

Cells fit closely together and often form sheets

The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue

The lower surface of the epithelium rests on a basement membrane

Avascular (no blood supply)

Regenerate easily if well nourished

Simple

one layer

Stratified

more than one layer

Squamos

flattened

Cuboidal

cube-shaped

Columnar

column shaped

Forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes

epithelium

Allows for organ movements within the body

Muscle

transmit electrical impulses

Nervous

Supports body organs

Connective

Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances

Epithelial

Basis of the major controlling system of the body

epithelium

Basis of major controlling system

nervous

The cells of this tissue shorten to exert force

muscle

Forms hormones

epithelium

Packages and protects body organs

connective

characterized by having large amounts of nonliving matrix

Connective

Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow

Muscle

Most widely distributed tissue type in the body

connective

Forms the brain and spinal cord

nervous

Lines the esophagus and forms the skin epidermis

stratified squamous

Forms the lining of the stomach and small intestine

Simple columnar

Best suited for areas subjected to friction

stratifies squamous

Lines much of the respiratory tract

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Propels substances (e.g., mucus) across its surface

Pseudo-stratified Columnar

Found in the bladder lining; peculiar cells that slide over one another

Transitional

Forms thin serious membranes; a single layer of flattened cells

Simple squamous

Provides great strength through parallel bundles of collagenic fibers; found in tendons

Dense fibrous connective tissue

acts as a storage depot for fat

adipose connective tissue

composes the dermis of the skin

dense fibrous connective tissue

forms the hip bone

osseous

composes the basement membrane and packages organs; includes a gel-like matrix with all categories of fibers and many cell types

Areolar connective tissue

forms the embryonic skeleton and the surfaces of bones at the joints; reinforces the trachea

Hyaline Cartilage

Provides insulation for the body

adipose connective tissue

Structurally amorphous matrix, heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth

Hyaline Cartilage

Contains cells arranged concentrically around a nutrient canal; matrix is hard due to calcium salts

osseous tissue

Forms the stroma or internal "skeleton" of lymph nodes, the spleen, and other lymphoid organs

Reticular connective tissue

voluntarily controlled

skeletal

Involuntarily controlled

cardiac and smooth

Banded appearance

skeletal and cardiac

Single nucleus in each cell

cardiac and smooth

Multinucleate

skeletal

found attached to bones

skeletal

found in the walls of stomach, uterus, and arteries

smooth

Contains spindle-shaped cells

smooth

Containing long, nonbranching cylindrical cells

skeletal

Displays intercalated discs

cardiac

Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole

skeletal

Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts

Cardiac

Tissue of the circulatory pump

cardiac

Endocrine gland

Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels

All secretions are hormones

Exocrine gland

Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

include sweat and oil glands

Three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Regeneration

replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Fibrosis

Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

connective tissue

Found everywhere in the body / Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues / Functions: Binds body tissues together, supports the body, provides protection

muscle tissue

function is to produce movement

three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Irritability

ability to respond to a stimulus

extability

not responding to stimulus