RAD 265 Pharmacology and Contrast Media Unit Exam

_____ is the study of drugs and how they affect the body.

pharmacology

chemical, generic, brand/trade

types of drug names

identifies the actual chemical structure of a drug EX: N-(4-hydroxpheyl) acetamide

chemical

name given when the drug becomes commercially available EX: acetaminophen

generic

name given to the drug by the manufacturer; trademark, brand name, trade name, proprietary name EX: Tylenol

brand/trade

health care professionals most commonly refer to medications by their ____ name.

generic

require authorization from a licensed provider EX: antibiotics, contrast media, narcotics

prescription meds

can be purchased without a prescription EX: ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antacids

OTC meds

under the tongue

sublingual

inside the cheek

buccal

into a vein

intravenous

into a muscle

intramuscular

into subcutaneous tissue

subcutaneous

into the subarachnoid space

intrathecal

into bone marrow

intraosseous

_____ route provides the most rapid systemic response and can also be one of the most hazardous routes

intravenous

right: medication, dose, patient, name, time, route, documentation

six rights of drug administration

what the body does to a drug

pharmacokinetics

A in ADME

absorption

D in ADME

distribution

M in ADME

metabolism

E in ADME

excretion

primary organ responsible for drug metabolism is:

liver

most drug excretion occurs through the:

kidneys

two factors that can affect drug absorption:

blood flow to the site and concentration of the drug at site

describes what the effects of a drug does to the body

pharmacodynamics

the way a drug produces its effect is called its _____ of action.

mechanism

binds to a cell receptor and activates it to produce a biological response, mimicking the effect of a natural substance in the body

agonist

binds to a cell receptor and blocks or dampens the biological response, preventing other molecules or agonists from activating it

antagonist

how well a drug produces its desired effect

efficacy

the amount/concentration needed to produce an effect

potency

a drug’s _____ is the time required for its serum concentration to decrease by 50%

half life

the _________ is a measure of the relative safety of a drug

therapeutic index

LD50

lethal dose

lethal dose

dose at which a drug is lethal to 50% of the population

ED50

effective dose

effective dose

the dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population

predictable pharmacologic action on the body systems other than the action intended

side effect

an extension of pharmacologic action and is directly related to the dose (higher the dose, greater the toxic effects)

toxicity

an immune-mediated response by the body against the drug and is not necessarily related to dose

allergic reaction

which is dose related: side effect, toxicity, allergic reaction

toxicity

what is an immune-mediated response and is not necessarily related to dose: side effect, toxicity, allergic reaction

allergic reaction

study of how a person’s genes affect their response to medications

pharmacogenetics

same medication + same dose, does NOT = same ____

response

analgesic

relieve pain

anesthetic

loss of sensation

antianxiety

reduce anxiety

anticoagulant

prevent blood clots

antidiabetic

lower blood glucose

antiemetic

prevent nausea/vomiting

antihistamine

treat allergic reactions

bronchodilator

open airways

corticosteroid

reduce inflammation

sedative/hypnotic

promote relaxation or sleep

vasodilator

dilate blood vessels

what is the drug category for: morphine

analgesics

what is the drug category for: lidocaine

anesthetics

what is the drug category for: lorazepam (Ativan)

antianxiety

what is the drug category for: heparin

anticoagulants

what is the drug category for: metformin

antidiabetics

what is the drug category for: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

antihistamines

what is the drug category for: albuterol

bronchodilators

what is the drug category for: prednisone

corticosteriods

what is the drug category for: midazlolam (versed)

sedatives/hypnotics

what is the drug category for: nitroglycerin

vasodilators

how many times should a medication label be checked?

3

never administer a medication that is ____ or _____

unlabeled or expired

define: PO

by mouth (oral)

define: PRN

as needed

define: IM

intramuscular

define: IV

intravenous

define: Sub-Q/SC

subcutaneous

the _____ system is used for medication administration

metric

the preferred unit for documenting liquid medication is the:

milliliter (mL)

fastest onset route:

IV

slowest onset route:

PO

____ administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract

parenteral

_______ is the insertion of a catheter into a vein to obtain venous access

venipuncture

median cubital, cephalic, and basilic

commonly used veins

medication administered directly into an existing IV over a short period of time EX: emergency medications, saline flushes

direct IV push

a relatively large amount of medication or contrast delivered rapidly to achieve an immediate therapeutic or diagnostic effect EX: CT contrast injection

IV bolus

medication or fluids administered slowly over an extended period using an infusion pump EX: maintenance IV fluids, antibiotics

continuous IV infusion

CT contrast administered rapidly with a power injector is an example of an IV ____

bolus

a peripheral IV is commonly located in the ___ or ____

forarm or hand

a central venous catheter terminates in/near the:

superior vena cava

True or false: all PICCs, ports, and central lines can be used for power injection

false

local or systemic complication: infiltration

local

local or systemic complication: extravasation

local

local or systemic complication: phlebitis

local

local or systemic complication: hematoma

local

local or systemic complication: infection

local

local or systemic complication: air embolism

systemic

local or systemic complication: allergic/contrast reaction

systemic

local or systemic complication: fluid overload

systemic

_____ is leakage of a non-vesicant solution into the surrounding tissue

infiltration

swelling, cool skin, pain, tightness, and slowed infusion

common signs of infiltration

contrast media take advantage of the _______ and elements with a high atomic number

photoelectric effect

______ is the reduction in energy of the x-ray beam as it passes through tissue or matter

attenuation

what contrast material has an atomic number of: 56

barium

what contrast material has an atomic number of: 53

iodine