Mid-Term Study Guide: Drugs, Society, and Regulation

Vocabulary flashcards covering drug classification, historical regulations, pharmacological definitions, and trafficking concepts based on the mid-term study guide.

Golden Crescent

A major opium-producing region of Southwest Asia, comprising Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, and former regions of the Soviet Union.

Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

One of the most powerful criminal organizations in history, controlling the production and distribution of cocaine, which formed an allegiance with Pablo Escobar.

Golden Triangle of Southeast Asia

During the 1960s and 1970s, was the area of the dominant source of heroin for the U.S.

Narcoterrorism

Antigovernment political groups which operate political insurgency and illicit drug trafficking.

Shaman

A healer whose practice often includes the inducing of trances.

Amanita Muscaria or fly agaric

Viking warriors known as Berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

The first regulatory act regarding drug consumption, which required all packaged foods and drugs to list the ingredients of the product.

Harrison Act of 1914

An act designed to regulate drug abuse through government taxation, requiring anyone importing, manufacturing, selling, or dispensing cocaine and opiate drugs to register with the Treasury Department, pay a special tax, and keep records of all transactions.

Eighteenth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that restricted alcohol.

Speakeasy

An illicit establishment (also referred to as a blind pig or underground nightclub/bar) that illegally sold alcoholic beverages during the U.S. Prohibition era (1920–1933).

Psychoactive Drugs

Drugs that affect human behavior and experience through their effects on the functioning of the brain.

Freud

The historical figure accredited with psychoanalytic explanations of drug abuse.

Drug-Defined Violations

Violations of the laws that prohibit the possession, use, distribution, or manufacture of illegal drugs.

Global Illicit Drug Trade

The international business encompassing the cultivation, manufacture, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs in practically all regions of the world.

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

Federal legislation passed by Congress that established five drug schedules classifying drugs based on their approved medical uses, potential for abuse, and potential for producing dependence.

Drug Dependence

A condition in which an individual feels a strong compulsion or need to continue taking a drug, during which the drug assumes an increasingly central role in the individual's life.

Physical Dependence

A state of drug dependence characterized by continued drug use to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms.

Psychological Dependence

A state of drug dependence in which the drug abuser craves the pleasurable effects of the drug.

Toxicity

The physical or psychological harm that a drug might present to the user.

Chronic Toxicity

The physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use.

Dose

The quantity of drug that is taken into the body.

Effective Dose

The minimal dose of a drug necessary to produce the intended effect in a given percentage of the population.

Lethal Dose

The minimal dose of a drug capable of producing death in a given percentage of the population.

Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)

A federal program in which metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug-related lethal and nonlethal emergencies, tracking emergency department visits for drug use and drug-related deaths.

Elimination Half-Life

The amount of time it takes for the drug in the bloodstream to decline to 50 percent of its original equilibrium level.

Behavioral Tolerance

A form of drug tolerance that is maximized when the drug-taking behavior occurs consistently in the same surroundings or under the same set of circumstances.

Volstead Act of 1919

Legislation that provided federal enforcement of Prohibition through the creation of the Prohibition Bureau.

The most common smuggling techniques used for transferring cocaine to the US?

small commercial fishing vessels near the coast of eastern Caribbean islands.

Drug Cartels

the cultivation, manufacture, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs in practically all regions of the world.

Smuggling Techniques

For transferring cocaine to US markets include small commercial fishing vessels, speed boats, and large commercial cargo vessels.

Most Marijuana

Comes from mexico and is smuggled by land.

Result of the Harrison Act of 1914

Several other drugs (i.e., marijuana) were classified as narcotics and narcotics were banned from medical use.

Prohibition

After the 18^th amendment was passed, it failed to produce an alcohol-free society and many citizens continued to consume alcohol in underground nightclubs and bars known as speakeasies or by blind pigs.