lifespan dev exam 2

Lazarus & folkman stress stages

1) primary appraisal

2) Secondary appraisal

Primary appraisal

First step in deciding how stressful a situation is. “Is this situation a threat, a challenge, or not a big deal?”

Secondary Appraisal

When you decide whether you have the resources or ability to handle the stressful situations. “Can I handle it”

Def of Lazarus & folkman stress stages

will determine if you experience stress

def Taylor’s principles

Characteristics that can cause you stress

Taylor’s Principle

Negative events

Uncontrollable/ unpredictable events

ambiguous/ confusing events

simultaneous tasks

No child left behind

The federal education law passed in 2001 that increased school’s accountability & standardized testing

Negative events

Situations that create unpleasant feelings

Uncontrollable/unpredictable events

Stress is often greater when you feel like you have little control or don’t know what will happen.

Ambiguous / confusing events

Lack of direction. Not really knowing what is happening.

Simultaneous tasks

Having to many responsibilities at once

Sleep deprivation

Adol needs 9 hours of sleep

Teens are usually not tired till around 11 PM because of their biological sleep cycle shifts.

But then have to wake up early for school the next day.

Sleep inpact

Not getting enough sleep can contribute to lower grades, higher risk of depression, higher risk of car accidents, etc.

Eating disorders

Stress may contribute to eating disorders.

Stress of perfectionism could cause this.

Stress in adulthood

Responsibilities include kids, finances, career/work, health concerns, etc.

psychoneuroimmunology

The study of how psychological processes affect the nervous system and the immune system.

Psychological effects

Physical changes that happen in the body

Harmful behaviors

Anything unhealthy. ex: lack of sleep, usage of substance to cope

Indirect health behaviors

Less likely to exercise & go to the doctor

Immune system impact

Stress weakens our immune system. Making us more likely to get sick.

Psychosmatic disorders

Medical issues caused by emotional or psychological problems

Mindfulness techniques

Deep breathing

Guided imagery

Progressive muscle relaxation techniques

coping with stress

Problem-focused coping

emotion-focused coping

social support

defensive coping

emotional insulation

Problem focused

Change what’s causing you stress

emotion focused coping

regulate emotions around stress

social support

help from others

emotional & physical support

defensive coping

unconscious strategies

emotional insulation

avoidance, blocking out what is causing you stress

Malnutrition

Not having enough food

Improper balance

Nonorganic failure to thrive

A child stops growing because parents don't pay enough attention or provide enough stimulation. Occurs by 18 months.

Malnutrition factors in the U.S.

Living in poverty

Low SES

Higher percentage of kids who are raised in single-parent households.

Adolescence

High risk for diabetes

Obesity

Average adult weight worldwide 137 pounds

The average in the U.S. is 180.

Anorexia nervosa

When people refuse to eat.

Often deny they are underweight and that what they are doing is a problem.

More common in females.

Bulimia

Eating large amounts of food then purging it.

Eating Disorder Factors

Societal expectations. Some genetic links. When an individual wants to have a sense of control over their life.

Sudden Infant death syndrome

Leading cause of death for infants under 1

Infants die during sleep

Accidents in EA and MA

2x more likely to die from an accident than illness.

Boys are higher risk

so is low SES

Lead poisoning

When lead paint is ingested

Tobacco

Increase use for males.'

White teens are more likely than black teens.

Usage is more likely for low SES

STI (stand for)

Sexually transmitted infection

STI (def)

Transmitted through sexual acts

Osteoporosis

Bones become weak, brittle, & easily broken.

Female are more likely.

AIDs

High % of cases are from heterosexual transmission than adulthood.

Higher % of adol who dont expereience system until adulthood.

Human Papolloma Virus | HPV

9 million of adol have this. No symptoms. Can lead to genital warts & cervical cancer. This is a vaccine recommended for both guys and girls.

Chlamydia

More common in females. 10% of college students are affected. Females typically don’t have symptoms meaning it could go untreated.

Genital Herpes

Caused by a virus. No cure. There are meds that can alleviate symptoms. 20% of teens have this. 600,000 new cases each year.

Gonorrhea

Caused by a bacteria. Is treatable with antibiotics. 580,000 new cases each year. Often non detected in females but can have vaginal discharge. And for males, discharge from the penis and burning when peeing.

Arthritis

Inflammation in joints. No cure. Some relief with meds.

Hypertension

High Blood Pressure. 33% of the older population. No symptoms. Could go untreated sometimes which can lead to stroke and heart disease.

Cancer

Second leading cause of death. Can be caused by genetics, sun exposure, tobacco, chemicals, etc.

Radiation

Shrink cancer tumor

Chemo therapy

Chemical to poison the cancer Tumer.

Surgery for cancer

Removing tumor

Mammograms

Detect breast cancer

how to find prostate cancer

rectal exams and blood tests