Benchmark Bio

What do enzymes do to activation energy?

Enzymes lower activation energy.

What shape do enzymes have in relation to substrates?

Enzymes have specific shapes for substrates.

What factors can denature enzymes?

Temperature and pH can denature enzymes.

What is a distinctive feature of red blood cells?

Red blood cells lack a nucleus for efficient oxygen transport.

How do autotrophs obtain their food?

Autotrophs produce their own food.

How do heterotrophs obtain their food?

Heterotrophs consume others.

What factors affect photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels.

Which colors of light enhance the process of photosynthesis?

Red and blue light enhance photosynthesis.

How can you measure the efficiency of photosynthesis?

Oxygen production indicates photosynthesis efficiency.

What happens to enzymes when temperature or pH changes significantly?

They can denature, losing their functional shape.

What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions?

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Why is the specific shape of enzymes important?

It allows them to bind specifically to their substrates.

What is the significance of oxygen in relation to photosynthesis?

Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis and indicates its efficiency.

What is the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs create their own food, while heterotrophs consume other organisms for food.

Which environmental factor can severely impact enzyme activity?

Both temperature and pH can severely impact enzyme activity.

What is the impact of light intensity on photosynthesis?

Increased light intensity can enhance the rate of photosynthesis.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy (ATP)

Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?

Lactic acid fermentation primarily occurs in muscle cells and certain bacteria.

Where does alcoholic fermentation occur?

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast and some types of bacteria.