Quantitative Chemistry and Titrations Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, constants, equations, and indicator colour changes from the chemistry transcript.

Mole

The unit used to measure the amount of substance, containing the same number of particles as there are atoms in $12\,\text{g}$ of carbon-12.

Avogadro Constant

Roughly $6.02 \times 10^{23}$, used to convert between the number of particles and the number of moles.

Concentration

A measure of how many moles of a solution are dissolved per $1\,\text{cm}^3$ of solution.

Ideal Gas Equation

An equation, $pV = nRT$, that lets you find the number of moles in a certain volume at any temperature.

Gas Constant ($R$)

A constant in the ideal gas equation equal to $8.31\,\text{J}\,\text{K}^{-1}\,\text{mol}^{-1}$.

Balanced Equation

A chemical equation that has the same number of each atom on both sides.

Ionic Equation

An equation containing only the reacting particles and the products they form.

State Symbols

Symbols in chemical equations indicating physical state: $(s)$ for solid, $(l)$ for liquid, $(g)$ for gas, and $(aq)$ for aqueous.

Neutralisation Reaction

A chemical reaction where an acid reacts with an alkali to produce salt and water.

Titration

A neutralisation reaction process used to work out the concentration of an acidic or alkaline solution.

Standard Solution

A solution for which you know its exact concentration.

Titre

The volume added during titration, calculated as $\text{final reading} - \text{initial reading}$.

Concordant Results

Titration results that are within $0.1\,\text{cm}^3$ of each other.

Methyl Orange

An indicator that turns red in acid and yellow in alkali.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that is colourless in acid and pink in alkali.

Universal Indicator

An indicator that is unsuitable for titrations because its colour change is too gradual.

Empirical Formula

The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

Molecular Formula

A formula giving the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Theoretical Yield

The mass of product that should be formed in a chemical reaction.

Percentage Yield

Calculated using the equation $\frac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}} \times 100$.

Atom Economy

A measure of the proportion of reactant atoms that become part of the desired product in a balanced equation.

Percentage Atom Economy Equation

$$\frac{\text{molecular mass of desired product}}{\text{sum of molecular masses of all reactants}} \times 100$$