Learn: History Britain: Health

When is the classical(Greek and Roman) era?

700BC- AD476

When is the medieval (middle ages)?

AD500-AD1450S

When is the renaissance period?

AD1450- 1750 ish

When is the industrial period?

1750- 1900

When is the modern period?

1950- today

When was hippocrates born?

460 BC

When did Hippocrates die?

370BC

Was Hippocrates Greek or Roman?

Greek

What was Hippocrates known as?

Father of medicine

What did hippocrates create that doctors still take today?

The hippocratic oath

What was the clubbed fingers theory?

You had a heart or lung issue

What arae clubbed fingers called today?

Hippocrates fingers

What was preventitive treatement?

If you dont look after yourself you would get sick- rest, diet, excercise

How many books did Hippocrates write?

60-70

Where did Hippocrates take inspiration for his books?

Greek, persian, egyptian and indian medical techniques

What were the 4 humours?

yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, blood

What were some herbs Hippocrates used?

Fernel seeds, juniper berries

What was the Hippocratic ladder?

Used for broken bones and spinal injuries to straighten their spine

Where did Hippocrates believe sickness came from?

Sickness was biological, not sent down by God

What did Hippocrates do?

Clubbed fingers, Clinical observation, Preventitive treatement, wrote books, 4 humours, Hippocratic Oath, used Herbs, callled the 'Father of Medicine', Hippocratic ladder, believed sickness was biological

What did Hippocrates believe sickness was?

Biological

What did Hippocrates use to fix jaws?

Golden wire

Did Galen believe in God?

yes

What animals did Galen dissect?

pigs, monkeys, cows

How many books did Galen wrie?

300-500

What did Galen discover about the body?

It was controlled by the brain

What system did Galen discover?

Nervous system

What method did Galen popularise?

Bloodletting

What did Galen do with the 4 humours?

Turned them into the 4 opposites

Was Galen Greek?

yes

What observation did Galen follow?

Clinical

What was the Doctrine of Signatures?

Food that looks like parts of the body is good for it

What is Miasma?

Bad smells

What is uroscopy?

Testing urine- type of clinical observation

What was the main treatment in the medieval period?

Bloodletting and purging, prayer

Flaggelation?

whipping

What chart would doctors in the medieval period ?

Astrology charts

Why would doctors in the medieval period use astrology charts?

Explain cause of disease

What was trepanning?

Drilling holes into skull

Why did doctors in the medieval period use Trepanning?

To remove spirits

What did the medieval period believe about witches?

Possesed people

What were some explanations for disease?

Demons, sin, miasma

Why did islam and christianity not want to go against Galen?

He believed in one god

When did the roman empire collapse?

476AD

Who and what was blamed for sickness in the medieval period?

4 humours, God, supernatural, witches, evil spirits, demons, curses, spells, miasma

How many children died in the medieval period?

50% before 5

How many women died in childbirth in the medieval period?

30%

What were some cures for diseases in the medeival period?

Burning wood, killing black animals, wine, charms, good smells,

What is an apothecary?

Doctors who mixed herbs

What were simples?

1 herb

What were compound?

A mixture of compounds

What could barber surgeons offer?

Amputations, surgery, barbers, dentistry, bones, trepanning, arrow pulling, depaning, cauterization

What did apothecaries do?

sell medicine, herbs, simples, compounds

How long did apothecaries train for?

7 years

What did priests do ?

sell healthcare for charity, herb gardens, pray

How were barber surgeons trained?

Apprentiships

What were wisewomen?

Herbalists, midwives

What did wisewomen do?

witchcraft, herbs, midwives

Where did Priests train?

uni

How long would a physician train for?

10years

What does SLIP stand for?

shock, loss, infection, pain

What herb was used to kill pain in the medieval period?

Morphine

What did Bradmore invent?

Arrow puller

What did the Luccas’ use as antiseptic?

wine

What book did Arderne write?

The art of medicine and surgery

What was Ardernes survival rate?

50%

What ointment ingredients were used by Arderne or the Luccas?

Hemlock, opium

What is cauterization?

Burning a wound with hot oil or metal to seal it shut

Where were the Luccas’ based?

Bologna

Which crusade were the Luccas’ involved in?

fifth

What was the Luccas’ book called?

Cyurgia

Where did Arderne practice?

London

Which battle was Arderne involved in?

Crecy

What book did Ibn Sina write?

The Canon of medicine

How many drug compounds did Ibn Sina discover?

760

Define alchemy

chemistry

What was banne din islam and christianity?

Dissection

How did al razi decide on where to place hopitals?

left meat out

What diseases did Al Razi observe as different?

Smallpox and measles

How many surgical instruments did Abu A l Qasim invent?

26

What is a bimaristan?

Islamic medical hospital

Who invented casts and stitches?

Abu Al Qasim

What system did Ibn Al Nafis discover?

circulatory system

Why did the islamic empire have more knowledge ?

West Roman empire fell- loss of knowledge

What drug was popularised in the islamic empire?

opium

What did Al Razi specialize in?

Clinical observation

Properties of islamic hospitals

free, libraries, kitchens, teachers, both genders were taught

What did Ibn Sina discover?

Physical and mental health

Who funded hospitals and unis in england in the medieval period?

church

How were islamic hospitals in medieval times funded?

zakat

Who was arrested for questioning Galen?

Roger Bacon

How did islam discover new drugs?

distillation

What was the kings touch?

A medieval christian belief that tuberculoisis could be cured by the kings touch

why is the kings touch fake?

Tuberculoisis cures over time

What was a tithe?

10% of wealth sent to church

Who was Robert Grossteste?

priest

What did Grossteste create?

spectacles

Why was womens health behind?

Women were not allowed to be trained