Grade 9 Science - Unit 2 - Cells and Organelles

Mitochondria*

Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

Cell membrane

Selectively permeable, meaning it only lets certain materials in and out. Keeps the cell stable (homeostasis (Also called the plasma membrane)

Cytoplasm

Surrounds all internal cell structures to provide more support and contains the cytoskeleton that helps support the cell and organelles

Ribosomes

Make proteins, after receiving instructions from the nucleus (mRNA blueprints). The proteins are made out of amino acids and carry out essential functions and structural roles throughout the cell.

Nucleus*

Holds the genetic materials (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities. Has a nucleus which produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)*

Processing of molecules for the cell, like protein folding and transporting molecules. Rough ER (with ribosomes) makes proteins and sends away vesicles. Smooth ER helps with detoxification and makes some types of lipids.

Golgi apparatus*

Receive items from the transport vesicles that pinched off the ER. has enzymes that can modify and sort the materials that it receives. Determine where to send the molecules, including the ones that get sent to the nucleus and out of the cell.

Vacuole*

Act as storage of materials - among other functions. Plant cells have one larger and central vacuole while animal cells have several smaller vacuoles.

Cell wall

Extra protection and shape that animals do not need.

Chloroplast*

Make glucose though light every called photosynthesis - creates a green pigment