Chemistry Review: Solutions, Stoichiometry, Dilutions, and Titrations

Vocabulary flashcards covering stoichiometry, solution concentration, dilutions, and acid-base titration concepts.

Precipitate

A solid that forms out of a liquid solution during a chemical reaction.

Solute

The component in a solution present in the smaller amount that gets dissolved by the solvent.

Solvent

The component in a solution doing the dissolving, typically present in the larger amount (such as water).

Solution

A liquid mixture in which a solute is dissolved and evenly distributed within a solvent.

Molarity

A measure of solution concentration defined as moles of solute divided by liters of solution ($\text{moles of solute} / \text{liters of solution}$), abbreviated with a capital $M$.

Dilution

The process of adding water to increase the volume of a solution, thereby decreasing its concentration while keeping the total moles of solute constant ($M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2$).

Acid

For the purposes of this class, a substance characterized as containing hydrogen ($H$) that reacts with a base.

Base

A substance characterized as containing hydroxide ($OH$) that reacts with an acid in a neutralization reaction.

Neutralization

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces water ($H_2O$) and a salt.

Burette

A volumetric lab device used to precisely measure the volume of a known solution delivered during a titration.

Acid-Base Titration

A laboratory technique where a solution of known concentration and volume is added to an unknown solution to determine its concentration or molar amount.