4.1 Musculoskeletal system - Skeletal system

What is the axial skeleton?

is the central of the skeleton and makes up the supporting framework

What is the Sternum (breastbone)?

• commonly known as the breastbone. Ribs attach to the sternum to provide a cage around the heart and lungs. The sternum is also where some muscles attach

• protects the heart and lungs. Connects to the ribs with cartilage

What is the Cranium?

• part of the skull which surrounds the brain. The jaw bones are part of the skull but not part of the cranium

• Part of the skull which encloses and protects the brain

What is the vertebral column?

• made of 33 bones and runs from base of skull to pelvis. Protects the spinal cord, helps with posture and movement

• runs down the back from the base of the skull. It is made of 33 individual bones called vertebrae which is separated

What are the ribs?

• the ribs form a protective cage around the heart and lungs. They are also important in breathing

• extend from the vertebral column and around the front of the body. Protects heart and lungs and are needed for breathing

What is the appendicular skeleton?

• consists of the limbs and the bones they attach to. The main function is movement

• is made up of the limbs and the bones which connects them to the axial skeleton. The main function of the appendicular skeleton is support and movement of the body

What is clavicle (collar bone)?

• the clavicle is also known as the collar bone. It links the sternum to the scapula. It helps keeps the bones in position during movement at the shoulder

• conncets sternum and scapula bones. Stabilises movement at the shoulder

What is the Scapula (shoulder blade)?

• also known as the shoulder blade. Muscles attach to it to allow movement at the shoulders

• connects humerus to clavicle. It is where should, upper back and arm muscles attach

What is the humerus?

• upper arm bone

• is the bone in the upper part of the arm. It connects to the shoulder joint and to the lower arm at the elbow

What is the radius?

• the lower arm bone that is on the same side as the thumb

• is one of the two thinner bones in the lower part of the arm. It is on the same side of the arm as the thumb

What is the Ulna?

• the lower arm bone that is on the same side as the little finger

• the other thinner bone in the lower part of the arm. It works with the radius to allow movement of the lower arm at the wrist and elbow

What is the Pelvis (hip bone)?

• supports the upper body, protects the pelvic organs and provides attachement to leg bones and muscles

• makes up a cradle at the base of the upper body. It is where the leg bones connect at the hip joints. It is also the connection point of muscles which move the legs

What is the Femur?

• upper leg bone

• the femur, or thigh bone, is the large leg bone that runs from the hip to the knee. It is iportant for movement of the legs and support of the body during standing or walking

What is the Patella (kneecap)?

• protects the knee joint and helps movement of the leg

• also known as the knee cap. It is located just in front of the knee joint to protect it. It also helps with movement of the legs at the knee

What is the tibia (shin bone)?

• larger of the two lower leg bones. Bears the weight of the body during standing or walking

• is one of two bones in the lower leg. It is the bigger of the two, and is on the same side as the big toe. It helps support the body when standing and walking and helps with movements at the ankle.

What is the Fibula?

• thinner of the two lower leg bones which is located towards the outside. Provides stability and supports the muscles of the lower leg.

• is the other lower leg bone. It is thinner than the tibia and runs down the outer side of the leg. It also helps movement of the leg during walking and supports the body