Toad Skeletal System Skull

Premaxilla

Maxilla

Squamosal

Nasal

Fronto-parietal

Atlas

Vertebra

Amphicoelous

Sacral Verterbra

Urostyle

Episternum

Omosternum

Procoracoid

Clavicle

Humerus

Suprascapula

Sternum

Xiphisternum

sacral vertebra

Ilium

Urostyle

Acetabulum

Ischium

Femur

Tibio-Fibula

Astragalus

Calcaneum

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Humerus

Radio-Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Skull

 It protects the brain and sensory organs. 

• It is light and flattened to reduce weight for jumping. 

• It has a wide mouth structure for catching prey. (Maxilla) 

Vertebral Column

It provides flexibility and shock absorption during jumping. 

• In frogs, the vertebral column is composed of 9 vertebrae, shorter than in other vertebrates. 

• It ends in a Urostyle, a fused bone that aids in absorbing powerful leaps.            Vertebral Column

Urostyle - It cushions impact often; Shock-absorption jumping.

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Bone)

 It supports the forelimbs and absorbs impact when landing. 

• Also aids in respiration and movement. 

 Pelvic Girdle (Hip Bone)

One half - Innominate bones

Pelvic Girdle - It is strongly built to support powerful hind limbs for jumping. 

• It connects to the urostyle for stability. 

Forelimbs

it is supported by the pectoral girdle and are adapted for support and movement. 

• Bears four digits (4) and a Rudimentary Thumb called the Prepollex.

Hindlimbs

 It is adapted for jumping and movement. 

• Bears five digits (5)and a Rudimentary Sixth Toe 

called the Prehallux