Solutions

What is a solvent and an example?

The thing that dissolves the solute, such as water in a saltwater solution

What is a solute and an example?

The thing that dissolves IN the solvent, such as salt in saltwater

What does molarity measure?

How much solute is dissolved in a certain amount of volume of a solution, essentially concentration.

What is the difference between dilution and dissolving?

Dilution is adding more of the SOLVENT to make it less concentrated. Dissolving is adding a SOLUTE to a SOLVENT until it mixes in.

What are the two ways of making a solution?

Through dilution and dissolving

What is the FIRST step to prepare a solution of a known concentration using SOLID solute?

Calculate the mass of solute in order to achieve a certain amount of concentration and volume.

What is the SECOND step to prepare a solution of a known concentration using a SOLID solute?

Dissolve the solute into HALF of the total volume

What is the THIRD step to prepare a solution of a known concentration using a SOLID solute?

Transfer the solution into a volumetric flask.

What is the FOURTH step to prepare a solution of a known concentration using a SOLID solute?

Fill flask to final volume and mix by inverting

What is a standard solution?

A solution with a known concentration.

What type of change is dissolving?

A physical change

What are the molecules/ions of a solid solute held together by?

Bonds

What happens to the bonds and the ions/molecules of a solid solute when it gets dissolved?

The bonds break, and the molecules/ions of the solute get attracted to the solvent.

What are the three processes involved in dissolving, state whether they are endothermic or exothermic.

Bonds between molecules/ions of solute breaking (endothermic)

Bonds between molecules/ions of solvent breaking (endothermic)

Bonds forming between molecules/ions of solvent + solute (exothermic)

What are electrolytes? 2 ex

Aqueous solutions that conduct electricity, soluble ionic compounds, polar molecular compounds.

what are non-electrolytes? 1 ex

aqueous solutions that don’t conduct electricity, molecular compounds in solution.

What is dissociation?

Occurs when ionic compounds break apart into their ions when they are dissolved in an aqueous solutions.