Health Promotion Test 1

What are the 8 dimensions of wellness?

Physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental, occupational, and financial.

What does the physical dimension of wellness involve?

Taking care of your body and maintaining physical health.

What does the emotional dimension of wellness involve?

Understanding and managing emotions.

What does the intellectual dimension of wellness involve?

Learning, thinking, and gaining knowledge.

What does the spiritual dimension of wellness involve?

Meaning, purpose, values, and beliefs.

What does the social dimension of wellness involve?

Relationships and interaction with others.

What does the environmental dimension of wellness involve?

Your relationship with and responsibility toward your surroundings and environment.

What does the occupational dimension of wellness involve?

Satisfaction and well-being related to work or career.

What does the financial dimension of wellness involve?

Managing money and financial well-being.

How do the dimensions of wellness interact?

They interact continuously, so changes in one dimension can affect the others.

What are the 3 levels of prevention?

Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

What is primary prevention?

Prevention that reduces risk, susceptibility, or exposure to health threats before disease occurs.

What is an example of primary prevention?

Immunization.

What is secondary prevention?

Prevention that detects and treats disease in its early stages to prevent progression or recurrence.

What is an example of secondary prevention?

Screening.

What is tertiary prevention?

Prevention that alleviates the effects of an existing disease or injury.

What is an example of tertiary prevention?

Rehabilitation.

What is an easy way to remember primary prevention?

Primary = prevent.

What is an easy way to remember secondary prevention?

Secondary = detect early.

What is an easy way to remember tertiary prevention?

Tertiary = reduce the effects/manage.

What are social determinants of health?

Conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health, functioning, quality of life, and risks.

What is the main idea behind social determinants of health?

Health is influenced by environmental and social conditions, not just individual choices.

What is a rationale?

A justification used to gain the support of decision makers.

Why is a rationale important?

It helps gain support from decision makers who control resources.

Who are decision makers?

Individuals in authority who control resources.

Who are stakeholders?

Any person or organization with a vested interest in a program.

What should a good rationale demonstrate?

That the program supports organizational goals and mission, aligns with decision makers' values, has potential return on investment, and is supported by evidence.

What is the difference between a decision maker and a stakeholder?

A decision maker controls resources, while a stakeholder has a vested interest in the program.

What are the 5 broad health promotion intervention areas?

Educational, organizational, political/legislative, community/social, and economic.

What is an educational health promotion intervention?

An intervention that provides information, education, or skills to encourage healthier behaviors.

What is an organizational health promotion intervention?

An intervention carried out through an organization or institution.

What is a political/legislative health promotion intervention?

An intervention involving laws, regulations, or government policies designed to promote health.

What is a community/social health promotion intervention?

An intervention involving communities and social groups working together to promote health.

What is an economic health promotion intervention?

An intervention using financial incentives or economic policies to encourage healthier conditions or behaviors.

What is the main issue surrounding the government's role in health behaviors?

The balance between government involvement in health promotion and individual freedom of choice.

How can government influence health behaviors?

Through laws, policies, and regulations.

What are examples of health behaviors that government may regulate?

Seat belts, motorcycle helmets, texting while driving, tobacco, alcohol, soda, salt, and fat in foods.

What is morbidity?

Illness or disease in a population.

What is mortality?

Death or death rates in a population.

What factors may be considered when determining government involvement in health behaviors?

Risk, morbidity rates, and mortality rates.

What is a target in health promotion?

The person or population you are trying to reach.

What is a setting in health promotion?

A channel or place used to deliver a health promotion program.

What is an easy way to remember target versus setting?

Target = WHO; Setting = WHERE.

Why are settings important in health promotion?

They provide access to specific populations and options for delivering programs.

Why should multiple settings be used?

Multiple settings reach the greatest number of people.

What are advantages of using settings for health promotion?

They can be convenient, cost-effective, and often have existing communication systems.

What are common health promotion settings?

Health care, workplace, public health agencies, colleges/universities, faith communities, military, and schools.

What are the 6 components of the Generalized Model of Program Planning?

Pre-planning, assessing needs, setting goals and objectives, developing interventions, implementing interventions, and evaluating results.

What is the first component of the Generalized Model?

Pre-planning.

What does pre-planning mean?

Establishing the foundation for the program, including purpose, scope, outcomes, leadership, partners, and resources.

What question should you associate with pre-planning?

How do we get ready?

What is the second component of the Generalized Model?

Assessing needs.

What does assessing needs mean?

Determining what health problem or need exists in the population.

What question should you associate with assessing needs?

What is the problem or need?

What is the third component of the Generalized Model?

Setting goals and objectives.

What does setting goals and objectives mean?

Determining what the program wants to accomplish.

What question should you associate with goals and objectives?

What do we want to accomplish?

What is the fourth component of the Generalized Model?

Developing interventions.

What does developing interventions mean?

Determining what you are going to do to address the identified problem or need.

What question should you associate with developing interventions?

What are we going to do?

What is the fifth component of the Generalized Model?

Implementing interventions.

What does implementing interventions mean?

Putting the program or intervention into action.

What question should you associate with implementing interventions?

How do we put it into action?

What is the sixth component of the Generalized Model?

Evaluating results.

What does evaluating results mean?

Determining whether the program worked and whether it achieved its intended results.

What question should you associate with evaluating results?

Did it work?

What is the correct order of the Generalized Model?

Pre-planning → Assessing needs → Setting goals and objectives → Developing interventions → Implementing interventions → Evaluating results.

What is an easy way to remember the Generalized Model?

Prepare → Assess → Goals → Develop → Implement → Evaluate.

What are the 3 components or levels of evaluation?

Process evaluation, impact evaluation, and outcome evaluation.

What is process evaluation?

Evaluation of the quality of the program, how it is being run, and whether the target group is being reached.

What question does process evaluation answer?

How is the program being delivered?

What is impact evaluation?

Evaluation of the short-term effects of a program and whether its objectives were met.

What question does impact evaluation answer?

Did we meet our objectives?

What is outcome evaluation?

Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of a program and whether the overall goal was met.

What question does outcome evaluation answer?

Did we achieve the overall goal?

What is an easy way to remember the 3 evaluation components?

Process = how it is going; Impact = short-term/objectives; Outcome = long-term/overall goal.

What does process evaluation focus on?

The quality and delivery of the program and whether the target population is reached.

What does impact evaluation focus on?

Short-term effects and achievement of objectives.

What does outcome evaluation focus on?

Long-term effectiveness and achievement of the overall goal.

What is the difference between a goal and an objective?

A goal describes what the program wants to accomplish overall, while objectives are specific outcomes used to measure progress toward the goal.

What is the difference between developing and implementing an intervention?

Developing means deciding what you will do; implementing means actually putting it into action.

What is the difference between assessing needs and evaluating results?

Assessing needs determines the problem before the program, while evaluation determines whether the program worked after implementation.

What is the biggest thing to memorize about the Generalized Model?

The 6 components in the correct order and what each component means.

What is the biggest thing to memorize about evaluation?

Process = delivery, Impact = objectives/short-term, Outcome = overall goal/long-term.