what i missed on practice test cell bio

a lot of unit 3

what is chirality?

object or molecule that cannot be superimposed on to its mirror image

What factor of water is the major determinant for its cohesiveness and surface tension?

hydrogen bonds

self assembly principle that specify folding and biological functions of macromolecules

encoded in polymers

Most proteins in nature are found in this stereoisomeric form

L form

Which amino acid doesn’t have chiral carbon?

glycine

Another name for strong covalent bond formed by oxidation between 2 cysteine side chains

disulfide linkage/bond

Which 2 adjacent amino acids are joined in formation of peptide bond?

carboxyl group of 1st AA and amino group of 2nd

primary structure of protein is stablized exclusively by this bond

peptide bond

first protein to have complete amino acid sequence determined

insulin

In alpha helix, H bonds stabilize secondary structure by connecting CO group of n residue with CO group of which other residue?

n+4

Type of secondary structure described as being extended, resisting pulling, and exhibiting more tensile strength

beta-pleated sheets

Distinction between motif and domain

domain is larger with specific function, motif is smaller, local folding pattern w/out function

Tertiary protein structure primarily result of interactions between R groups including non-covalent bonds except

phosphodiester

Monomers in DNA and RNA linked together by this bond

phosphodiester bond

How do DNA specimens isolated from different tissues within the same species compare?

they have same base composition

nucleoside is combination of

sugar and base

Carbs generally desc as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones and have this empirical formula

(CH2O)n

Monosaccharides with more than 5 carbons in backbone exist in this form primarily

Cyclic form

polysaccharides that function in energy storage for animal cells are called glycogen. What characteristic linkages do they feature?

highly branched structures with alpha 1-6 linkage in every 8 to 10 glucose units

Chitin has which modified sugar unit

N-acetylglucosamine units

Which characteristic of lipids links them together chemically, unlike other macromolecules

they are hydrophobic

Lipids considered macromolecules because of their

high molecular weight and importance in cellular structures

saturated fatty acid has

NO double bonds

Triglycerides form when 3 fatty acids bond to glycerol with this type of reaction

condensation reaction that forms ester bonds

triglycerides composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids tend to exist in this state at room temp

liquid

phospholipids are amphipathic bc they have

both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

structure of steroid defined chemically by derivative of this specific ring compound

phenanthrene

only property that links steroids to other lipids

hydrophobicity

This specific steroid is considered as important component to most cell membranes and is produced in almost 90% by cells in our liver

cholesterol

Terpenes synthesized from this 5-carbon sugar unit

isoprene

Besides forming Vit. A or carotenoids, polyisoprenes are also components of the membrane in this domain of life

archaea