IB Psych: Biological Approach

Quasi-experiments

Research method where groups are allocated based on pre-existing differences, making it difficult to establish cause-effect relationships.

Correlational study

Research method where variables are measured and their relationship is quantified, but cause-effect relationships cannot be established.

Informed consent

Ethical consideration where participants must voluntarily and fully understand their participation in the study.

Deception

Ethical consideration where researchers do not reveal the true aim to minimize demand characteristics, but should be discussed in debriefing.

Social implications

Ethical consideration where study conclusions may be distorted by the media and affect public policies.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Brain imaging technique that generates a 3D picture of brain structure using a magnetic field and energy-emitted hydrogen nuclei.

Localization of function

Theory that certain areas of the brain are responsible for specific psychological functions.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to change through the making and breaking of synaptic connections between neurons.

Neurotransmission

Partially chemical and partially electrical information transmission in the nervous system, with neurotransmitters responsible for chemical transmission.

Hormones

Chemical substances released into the bloodstream to regulate processes slower than those regulated by neurotransmitters.

Pheromones

Chemical substances released into the environment to influence the behavior of other members of the same species.

Genes

Heritable factors consisting of DNA that influence characteristics and behaviors.

Evolutionary behaviors

Behaviors that have developed through natural selection to make humans suited to their environment and way of life.

Maguire (2000)

Study investigating the difference in brain structure between London taxi drivers and non-taxi drivers using MRI.

Fisher (2005)

Study investigating the neural mechanisms of romantic love using fMRI and measuring activation in dopamine-related areas.

Kosfeld (2005)

Study investigating the role of oxytocin in trust using a nasal spray and a trust game.

Wedekind (1995)

Study investigating the influence of MHC genes on females' ratings of attractiveness of male sweat odor.

Capsi (2003)

Study investigating the role of the 5-HTT gene in developing depression in response to stress.

Bouchard (1981)

Study investigating the heritability of IQ using twin studies and correlations.

HM Milner (1968)

Case study of HM, a patient with retrograde and anterograde amnesia after a lobotomy, highlighting issues with consent.