ap gov 2.1-2.3 vocab

Enumerated powers

The powers to Tax, Borrow money, Raise an army, Create a postal system, Address piracy on the seas, Define the immigration process and a few others

Implied powers

Powers not specifically listed in the Constitution

Necessary and proper clause

The Congress shall have power to make all laws

Power of the purse

Appropriate more money for opioid education and addiction treatment

Cloture rule

Enabled and required a 2/3rd supermajority to stop debate on a bill

Committee of the whole

Includes but does not require all representatives

Conference committees

Temporary, Joint committee of the US Congress

Discharge petitions

Allows a majority to bring a bill to vote

Discretionary spending

Funding that congressional committee’s debate and decide how to devide up

filibuster

A senate procedure

Joint committee

Members of both Houses that address a long-term issue or program

Log rolling

Trading votes to gain support for a bill

Mandatory Spending

Payment required by law

Omnibus bill

Includes multiple areas of law and/or address multiple programs

Pork barrel spending

Funds earmarked for specific purposes in a legislator district

Rules committee

Easily dispose of a bill or define the guidelines for debate

Select committees

Both houses form temporarily

Senate majority leader

Weilds much more power in the Senate. than the vice president and the pro tem

Speaker of the house

Only house leadership positions mentioned in the Constitution

Ways and Means committee

A comedy exclusive to the house that determines tax policy

whip

Who is in charge of party discipline?

Delegate model

Elected officials are expected to vote exactly according to the wishes of their constituents

GerryMandering

A logical district lines drawn to give the advantage to one party

Gridlock

The congestion of opposing forces that prevents ideas from moving forward

One person, one vote principle

Expanded democratic participation and the voting rights of minorities

Politico Model

Bled the delegate and trusty

Racial gerrymandering

The intentional drawing of legislative districts on the basis of race has also been the subject of scrutiny for the conflicting reasons

Swing districts

Districts with closer elections

Trustee model

Where officials vote based on their own judgment