Upper Extremity Analysis

Aggregate Muscle Group

Muscles working together with a common joint action

Passive Lengthening

The muscle lengthens without active contraction

Eccentric Contraction

The muscles actively produces force while lengthening

Stance Phase

Relatively static phase with fairly short ranges of motion where emphasis is on setting joint angles in proper positions with respect to one another and allows the athlete to assume a comfortable and balanced position to initiate the skill

Prepatory Phase

Most critical phase in leading towards the desired result of an activity and is used to lengthen the appropriate muscles so that they will be in position to generate more force and momentum when concentrically contracted in the next phase (becomes more dynamic as need for explosivness increases)

Movement Phase

Is the action part of a skill and summation of force is generated directly to the sport object and is usually characterized by near-maximal concentric activity in involved muscles

Follow-Through Phase

Begins immediately after climax of movement phase brings negative acceleration of involved body segment, body segment velocity progressively decreases over a wide range of motion and is usually attributable to high eccentric activity in muscles that were antagonist to muscles utilized in movement phase, generally the greater the acceleration in movement phase the greater the length and importance of follow through phase

Recovery Phase

Used after follow-through to regain balance and positioning and returns the body to a position suitable for the next action, concentric, eccentric, and isometric activity may contribute

Kinetic Chain Concept

The body is composed of many joints where muscles cross the joints, the body is the chain where each joint is a link and the movement at one joint may effect the movement of another joint

Open Chain

The distal end of an extremity is not fixed to a relatively stable surface

Closed Chain

The distal end of an extremity is fixed to a relatively stable surface

Upper Cross Syndrome

Postural imbalance of neck shoulders and upper back with tight chest, upper neck, and shoulder muscles and weak deep neck flexors, mid and lower trapezius, serratus anterior and rhomboids, and creates forward head posture, rounded shoulders, neck and shoulder pain, headaches, restricted neck/shoulder movement, and numbness or tingling in arms

FITT principle

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

Overload Principle

A training demand sufficient to stimulate adaptatio, the final reps become challenging while maintaining proper form

Progressive Overload Principle

Gradually increasing demands as the body adapt, increasing from 8-10 reps with the same weight as the exercise becomes easier. Untrained Individuals have significant gains in the first few weeks of training with early strength gains often involving neural adaptations and improved coordination and muscle growth can also begin during the early weeks of training. Well-Trained Individuals often progress more slowly and may require more individualized programming

Periodization

Planned changes in training over time to manage fatigue, support improvement, and prepare for performance goals

SAID principle

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands, the body adapts to the demands it repeatedly experiences where adaptations reflect the muscles, movements, effort, and energy systems involved

Specificity

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, andf flexibility are not general body characteristics, they are specific to each body area and muscle group