CLN 4U/C Exam Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the CLN 4U/C exam review lecture notes, including definitions of legal terms, principles of law, and historical legal frameworks.

Natural Law

A theory of law that posits that laws should be based on inherent moral principles and rights.

Positive Law

A system of laws that are created and enforced by a governing authority.

Jurisprudence

The study and theory of law.

Ratio Decidendi

The legal principle or rule that is derived from a judicial decision.

Stare Decisis

The legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent.

Justice

The moral principle determining just conduct and the administration of law.

Equity

Fairness or justice in the way people are treated.

Equality

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.

Right

A moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something.

Obligation

A moral or legal duty to do something.

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

Legitimacy

The right and acceptance of an authority, often in law or governance.

Freedom

The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants.

Punishment

The infliction of a penalty as retribution for an offense.

Authority

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

Morality

Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A milestone document that proclaimed fundamental rights to be universally protected.

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

A constitutional document that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms for Canadians.

Canadian Bill of Rights

A federal statute that outlines the rights of Canadians and provides for their protection.

Nuremberg Trials

A series of military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute major war criminals.

Military Necessity

A legal doctrine that justifies the use of force in warfare as necessary to achieve military objectives.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance formed for mutual defense.

Warsaw Pact

A collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics.

International Criminal Court

An international tribunal that prosecutes individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

International Court of Justice

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations that settles disputes between states.

Asymmetrical Warfare

Warfare in which opposing forces differ significantly in size or capability.

UN Responsibility to Protect

A global political commitment to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

Checks and Balances

A system that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful.

Globalism

A political ideology that advocates for global cooperation and integration.

State Sovereignty

The concept that a state has ultimate authority over its territory and domestic affairs.