Protosomes

What animals fall under Ecdysozans

Arthropoda and Nematoda

Ecdysozans synapomorphies

Ecdysis (molting)

Nematoda tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Pseudocoemates, triploblasitc, bilateral, complete gut, kinda cephalized

Arthropoda tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Triploblastic, bilateral, coelmate, cephalized, complete gut, segmented body, jointed limbs, chitin

Development of protosomes vs dueterosomes

fate of blastopore (mouth vs anus), early cell cleavage (spiral vs radial), coelom formation (mesoderm opens to form cavity vs pinches off)

Differentiation of arthropods

Antennae, legs, body segments, mouth parts

Where can nematodes and arthropods live

Anywhere

Elephantiasis

Nematodes block lymphatic system and swelling occurs

Hook worm

Walking barefoot outside, blood drinking intestinal parasite

Pin worm

Intestinal parasite, lay eggs in feces and transfer to host species.

Guinea worm

Caught by drinking contaminated water, when put into water they come to surface to lay eggs

Insect differentiation

Wing number and shape, leg shape, mouth parts

Differentiation of nematodes

Mouth parts and molecular characteristics

Giant weta

Huge grasshoppers

Locusts

Like grasshoppers but travel in huge packs: only difference is hormone cascade that occurs by bumping early on in life

Screw worm

Fly larvae that feed on livestock

Botfly

Internal parasites, enter through mosquitoes sucking blood

Bombardier beetle

Have body compartments where they have different chemicals and when threatened they mix them forming a toxic spray

Mollusca tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Triploblastic, bilateral, complete gut, kinda cephalized, protosomes, mantle, shell, radula, foot

Annelida tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Triploblastic, bilateral, segmented coelem, cephalized, protosomes, segmented, paired chaetae (tiny bristles pulling body forward)

Platyhelminthes tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Triploblastic (aceolmate), bilateral, incomplete gut, cephalized, protosomes, acoelom

Rotifera tissue layers, symmetry, gut, cephalization, development and synapomorphies

Triploblastic, bilateral, complete gut, cephalized, protosome, pseudocoelem and corona

Lophophore

Top arm like thing that creates a water current and aids in suspension feeding

Trochophore larvae

Mouth in middle, anus at bottom, shaped like a triangle with tentacles on top with cilia used for locomotion and feeding

Platyhelminth Species

Flatworms (aquatic/moist habitat, free-living predator, makes toxin), tapeworms (parasite absorbing host nutrients, feeding contaminated food/undercooked meat), schistosomiasis (parasitdic worm with chronic infection, releases eggs in bladder)

Annelida species

Polychaeta (marine, parapodia for swimming) oligochaeta (terrestrial, few bristles per segment)

Mollusca: Polyplacophora

many shell plates, marine, radula grazing, use foot to move, use shell and suction to protect

Mollusca: Bivalvia

Loss or radula, marine and freshwater, filter feed with gills, sessile (don’t move), no cephalized, 2 shells that close around mantel to protect

Mollusca: Gastropoda

Body torsion (twisting body into postion in shell), mosaic cleavage with shell built in particular direction, use tounge with teeth (radula) to eat, all over the world, move using suction

Mollusca: Cephalopoda

Tentacles, reduced shell, marine, intelligent predators, tube organ used to propel in water (siphon), radula beak to eat prey, ink, change in skin color and texture, bioluminescent spots to deter predators, larger brain and eyes, closed circulatory system to better target O transfer

Colossal squid

Deep sea antarctic, 500kg, only 1 picture

Blue ring octopus

12-20 cm, coral reefs in pacific, venomous beak

Mimic octopus

Indo-pacific, 2 ft, changes shape and behavior to blend in