Introduction to Corrections

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts regarding corrections, parole, crime classification, and other significant topics from the lecture.

Correctional Client

Anyone who is within the confines of the correctional system, excluding staff.

Categories of Crime

The classifications of crimes include civil infractions, misdemeanors, and felonies.

Adjudication

The legal process by which a case is decided in court.

Evidence Based Corrections

A method that focuses on the study and evaluation of correctional programs.

Evidence Based Practice

The implementation and practices of programs in corrections.

ACCA

American Correctional Association, which formalized standards for professional corrections personnel.

Minimum Security Prison

A prison facility characterized by a relaxed security environment.

Medium Security Prison

A prison facility with a moderate level of security.

Maximum Security Prison

A prison that houses the most dangerous offenders, with high security.

Supermax Prison

A facility designed to hold the most dangerous prisoners under extreme security.

House Arrest

The least restrictive form of incapacitation where individuals are confined to their homes.

Probation

A conditional release from incarceration, allowing someone to remain in the community under supervision.

Parole

Conditional release from incarceration after serving part of a sentence.

Concurrent Sentencing

When multiple sentences are served at the same time.

Consecutive Sentencing

When multiple sentences are served one after another.

Good Time

A reduction in a prisoner's sentence based on good behavior.

Mandatory Sentencing

A sentencing scheme where the law stipulates minimum penalties for certain crimes.

Recidivism

The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend.

Overcrowding in Prisons

A situation where prisons hold more inmates than they were designed for, often leading to inadequate conditions.

Auburn System

An early prison model where prisoners worked together during the day but were kept in solitary confinement at night.

Pennsylvania System

An early prison model that emphasized solitary confinement and reflection.

Structured Conflict

The natural tension between staff and incarcerated individuals due to the conditions and environment in correctional settings.

Totality of Conditions

A legal standard that requires evaluating all factors when determining the constitutionality of prison conditions.

Reentry Process

The strategies and programs designed to help individuals transition from incarceration back into society.