lab practicum 4 pt 1

what 4 characteristics are shared by all chordates and what are their functions?

notochord - muscle attachment

hollow dorsal nerve cord - nerve signal transmission

pharyngeal slits - various functions

post anal tail - movement

when did chordates appear in the fossil record?

550 million years ago

what chordate characteristics are found in subphylum urochordata?

pharyngeal slits

what are subphylum urochordata considered closest relatives to?

vertebrates

what is this organism?

tunicates

what subphylum is this from?

subphylum urochordata

what are the chordate characteristics found in the adults in subphylum cephalochordata?

all 4 characteristics

what is unique about the way lancelets breath?

they breathe through their skin

what kind of diet do tunicates have?

omnivorous

what kind of diet do lancelets have?

omnivorous

what organism is this?

lancelet

what organism is this? what subphylum is this in?

lancelet, subphylum cephalochordata

what are the chordate characteristics found in subphylum vertebrata?

all 4 chordate characteristics

when did vertebrates diverge from other chordates?

500 million years ago

how do fish scales differ from reptile scales?

all fish scales are derived from dermal tissue

what is this?

placoid scale

what is this?

cycloid scale

what is this?

ctenoid scale

what is this?

ganoid scale

what is ovuliparity?

female lays unfertilized egg which are externally fertilized by the male

what is oviparity?

the mother deposits internally fertilized eggs that develop and hatch outside of the mother’s body

what is ovoviviparity?

internally fertilized eggs are retained in oviduct, and develop without any nourishment from the mother

what is viviparity?

young develop in mother’s uterus and are nourished by the mother before being born (live birth)

what do hagfish produce?

slime and mucus

what can hagfish do to their bodies?

tie themselves in a knot

what kind of diet do hagfish have?

carnivorous

how do hagfish find their prey?

using sense of smell

what organism is this? what superclass is it from?

hagfish, superclass agnatha

what organism is this? what superclass is it from?

hagfish, superclass agnatha

what are lamprey larvae called?

ammocoetes

what kind of lifestyle do lamprey have?

anadromous

what type of feeding behavior do lamprey have?

parasitic by attaching to fish

what organism is this? what superclass is this?

lamprey, superclass agnatha

what organism is this? what superclass is this?

lamprey, superclass agnatha

what is the chondrichthyan skeleton made of?

cartilage

what is the name of the specialized sensory organ found in many chondrichthyans and what does it sense?

ampullae of lorenzini senses electrical fields

how do you tell the difference between male from female chondrichthyans?

males have claspers

what is this animal?

great white shark

how big do great white sharks get?

20 ft / 4,200 lbs

what type of reproduction do great white sharks have?

ovoviviparous

in the last 100 years, more people have been killed in the US by what animal over this shark?

dogs

what animal is this?

hammerhead shark

how big do hammerhead sharks get?

18 ft / 1,000 lbs

what type of reproduction do hammerhead sharks have?

viviparous

what does the hammerhead do for the animal and how many more times effective is it than other sharks?

spreads their receptors and is 10 times more effective

what animal is this?

leopard shark

how big do leopard sharks get?

6.5 ft / 40 lbs

how do leopard sharks differ from their close relatives?

more red blood cells

what animal is this?

whale shark

how big do whale sharks get?

40 ft / 47,000 lbs

how much water can whale sharks filter in an hour?

160,000 gallons

what animal is this?

skates

how big do big skates get?

8 ft

what type of reproduction strategy do whale sharks have?

ovoviviparous

what type of reproduction do skates have?

oviparous

what are the eggs of skates called?

mermaids purse

what animal is this?

round rays

what adaptation do round rays have to protect themselves from predators?

venomous sting on their tail

what animal is this?

bat ray

how big do bat rays get?

6 ft / 200 lbs

what are bat rays considered and what does this term mean?

euryhaline because they can withstand a wide range of salinities

what animal is this?

manta ray

how big do manta rays gets?

25 ft

what type of diet do manta rays have?

omnivorous

what animal is this?

shovelnose guitarfish

what adaptation do skates and rays have that allows them to breathe while buried in the sand?

spiracles used to take in water

what animal is this?

sawfish

what do sawfish use their rostrum for?

hunting and protection

what organ do sawfish have that are similar to sharks?

ampullae of lorenzini

what are the common names for chimaeras?

ratfish or rabbit fish

what animal is this?

chimaera

what are the skeletons of bony fish made of?

true bone

what class is the great white shark from?

chondrichthyes

what class is the hammerhead shark from?

chondrichthyes

what class is the leopard shark from?

chondrichthyes

what class is the whale shark from?

chondrichthyes

what class are skates and rays from?

chondrichthyes

what class is the shovelnose guitar fish from?

chondrichthyes

what class is the sawfish from?

chondrichthyes

what animal is this?

coelacanths

what specialized adaptation do coelacanths have that help them detect prey?

rostral organ

what animal is this?

lungfish

what are lungfish best known for?

ability to breathe air using a lung

what type of diet do lungfish have?

omnivorous

what class are coelacanths from?

sarcopterygii

what class are lungfish from?

sarcopterygii

what animal is this?

sturgeon

why have species of sturgeon become threatened?

overexploitation of their eggs or roe

what type of lifestyle do sturgeon have?

anadromous

what class are sturgeons from?

sarcopterygii

what animal is this?

paddlefish

how many species of paddlefish are there?

2

what factors are causing the decline of paddlefish?

overfishing and pollution

how do the diets of the paddlefish species differ?

american paddlefish - filter feeding

chinese paddlefish - piscivorus

what class are paddlefish from?

sarcopterygii

what animal is this?

gars

what type of scales do gars have?

ganoid scales

what class are gars from?

actinopterygii

what animal is this?

bowfin

what type of scales do bowfin have?

cycloid scales