Chp 11 Review

Based on its name, what is the primary action of the adductor longus muscle?

It adducts the thigh

A weightlifter is trying to increase the power of their leg extension movement for squats. Which muscle group's fascicle arrangement is best suited for generating powerful movements, even with a shorter range of motion? 

the pennate muscles of the quadriceps femoris

The extrinsic eye muscles, which control the movement of the eyeball, originate:

outside the eye, within the eye socket

“extrinsic” - outside

According to the criteria for naming muscles, what does the term "brevis" indicate?

the size of the muscle

“brevis” = short

In a lever system, what component does the contracting skeletal muscle provide?

the effort (applied force)

What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?

chewing

A patient is unable to look laterally (to the side) with their right eye. Which extrinsic eye muscle is likely impaired?

lateral rectus

A muscle with a circular fascicle arrangement, like the orbicularis oris, is also known as a:

sphincter

Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

tibialis anterior

The large, paired superficial muscle of the lower back is the: 

latissimus dorsi

Which term describes a muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?

antagonist

When you perform a "sit-up" to flex your trunk, which muscle acts as the prime mover?

rectus abdominis

The term "rectus" in a muscle name, such as rectus femoris, indicates the: 

direction of the muscle fibers

What type of lever system is represented by the action of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion?

second class

standing on tip toes (plantar flexion) foot behaves like a wheelbarow (second class lever)

A guitarist who extensively uses their fingers to press on strings would be strengthening the muscles in their:

anterior compartment of the forearm

Which of the following best explains why the biceps brachii and triceps brachii are considered an antagonistic pair?

Biceps brachii flexes the arm, while the triceps brachii extends itTh

Which type of lever is most common in the human body?

Third class

fulcrum (joint) - effort force - load (body part or weight being moved

In third class force applied by the muscle is in between

A nurse needs to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a patient. To ensure patient safety, the nurse must choose a site that is well-developed and avoids major nerves and blood vessels. Which of the following muscles, discussed in the context of thigh and hip movement, is a  safe site for this procedure for both adults and infants?

vastus lateralis, anterior aspect of the thigh

Considering the lever system of the body, what is the primary disadvantage of having the effort (muscle insertion) located very close to the fulcrum (joint)? 

requires more force from the muscle to move the load

mechanical disadvantage: muscle must exert a much larger amount of force to move even a small load, much greater speef and wider range of motion

A patient has a condition known as "winged scapula," where the scapula protrudes from the back. This indicates a weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior, which normally acts as a:

Fixator to hold scapula against rib cage

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow?

biceps brachii

Which of the following is a muscle of facial expression?

pectoralis major

corrugator supercilii

temporalis

sternocleidomastoid

corrugator supercilii

The "origin" of a muscle refers to its:

attachment to the stationary bone

A doctor asks a patient to follow their finger as they move it up, down, and to both sides. What is the doctor checking?

coordinated action of the extrinsic eye muscles

Which muscle is named for its shape and location?

deltoid

biceps brachii

rectus femoris

gluteus maximus

X rectus femoris

Deltoid

Lab: In elbow flexion, the biceps brachii is the _ and the triceps brachii is the _

agonist , antagonist

Lab: if you wanted to demonstrate a first class lever system to your peers, which childhood toy would you use as a basis for your demonstration and which body motion would you use as an example?

A see-saw, a chin rise

Lab: All of the following muscles elevate the mandible during mastication, except

Superficial masseter

Temporalis

Pterygoid muscle

Deep masseter

Pterygoid muscles

Lab: The motion of standing on tiptoes uses a _ lever system

Second-Class

Lab: The motion of standing on tiptoes uses a _ lever system

Second-Class

Lab: In elbow extension, the _ is the agonist and the _ is the antagonist.

Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii,

Lab: Which of the following muscles is involved maintaining upright posture

Psoas major

Lab:

Plantar Layer 1 - muscles flex and abduct the toes

Plantar Layer 2 - Muscles flex the toes

Plantar Layer 3 - Flex and adduct the toes

Plantar Layer 4 - muscles abduct and adduct the toes

Lab: insertion point and origin point

The muscles insertion point is on the movable bone, whereas the origin point is on the fixed bone

Lab: if you were explaining the functions of the abdominal muscles to a friend while studying for an exam, which of the following would not be included in your explanation

They compress and protect the viscera

They extend the vertebral column

They aided and forced respiration

They rotate the trunk

They extend the vertebral column

Lab: diaphragm vs Internal intercostals

The diaphragm is the prime mover of inspiration, whereas the internal intercostals Assist in enforced expiration