BILD 1 Midterm 3 Fall 2026

what do plants do at night?

cellular respiraton

Calvin Cycle

similar to Krebs Cycle, goes through Fixation, Reduction, and Regeneration, goes through 6 times

Fixation

carbon from CO2 is fixed into 3-phosphoglyceride

Reduction

NADPH is reduced to make G3P

Regeneration

RuBP created from 10G3P and 6ATP

what is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

G3P

apoptosis

programed cell death that eliminates damaged, aged, or unnecessary cells

what are the functions of signal transduction pathways?

convert signals on a cell’s surface to specific cellular response, amplify effects of a signal molecule, and follow different types of cells to respond differently to same signal molecule

why are there so many steps between original signal and the cell’s response?

each step produces more activated products, causing signal amplification as it progresses