HOSA Nervous Description

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

a neurologic emergency, occurs when the brain is damaged by a sudden disruption in the flow of blood to a part of the brain, or by bleeding inside the head.

Transient ischemic attack

temporary episodes with duration of less than 24 hours, of impaired neurological functioning caused by an inadequate flow of blood to a portion of the brain.

Epidural and Subdural hematomas

a collection or mass of blood that forms between the skull, and the dura mater, the outermost of three meningeal layers covering the brain. with subdural hematoma, the blood collects or pools between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane, the second meningeal membrane.

Cerebral concussion

possible bruising of the cerebral tissue that can be caused by back and forth movement of the head, as in an acceleration-deceleration insult. blunt force trauma may also result in this disease.

Cerebral contusion

more serious than a concussion. injury to the brain involves bruising of tissue along or just beneath the surface of the brain. may also be termed a contrecoup insult.

Depressed skull fracture

occurs with a break or fracture in one of the bones of the cranium. when the skull bones are depressed or torn loose, and they are pushed below the normal surface of the skull.

paraplegia and quadriplegia

injuries to the spinal cord affect the innervation of any spinal nerves distal to the point of insult. the extent of injury and consequential edema often result in failure of spinal nerve functioning, with resulting loss of motor and sensory function. paraplegia is the loss of nerve function below the waist. quadriplegia is loss of nerve function below the cervical region (neck).

Degenerative disk disease

degeneration of deterioration of an intervertebral disk may result in pain in the areas served by the spinal nerves exiting at or below that disk space. a natural part of aging, occurring in almost everyone over time.

Herniated and bulging disk

also known as a ruptured or slipped disk, is the rupture of the nucleus pulposus through the annular wall of the disk and into the spinal canal.

Spinal stenosis - sciatic nerve injury

caused by trauma, degeneration, or rupture of the nucleus pulposus within intervertebral disks. is the narrowing of the spinal canal or he nerve root foramen, often termed sciatica because of the compression of the spinal cord, and spinal nerve roots.

headache (cephalgia)

pain in the head that is not confined to any one specific nerve distribution area

migraine

periodic severe headaches that may be completely incapacitating, and are almost always accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

epilepsy

seizure disorder, a chronic brain disorder, characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain, which result in seizure activity.

parkinson disease

common, slowly progressive neurologic disorder characterized by the onset of recognizable disturbances, a pill rolling tremor of the thumb and forefinger, muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability.

Huntington chorea

a hereditary degenerative disease of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, progressive atrophy of the brain occurs.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

also known as lou gehrig disease, a progressive destructive motor neuron disease that results in muscular atrophy.

restless legs syndrome

neurologic condition typified by an overwhelming urge to move the legs. this irresistible urge is to stop an uncomfortable or odd sensation.

transient global amnesia

usually a benign event. event is transient or temporary, having a duration of 1-6 hours. considered to be global, as it encompasses the entire memory of current events. manifests as a total loss of recent memory, the learning process is completely blocked. memory disturbances are involved.

peripheral neuritis/neuropathy

degeneration of the peripheral nerves

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

pain of the area innervated by the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve.

bell palsy

disorder of the facial nerve, that causes a sudden onset of weakness or paralysis of facial muscles.

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges, the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord

encephalitis

inflammation of brain tissue

guillain-barre syndrome

an acute, rapidly progressive disease of the PNS.

brain abscess

a collection of pus, can occur anywhere in the brain tissue.

poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome

viral infection of the anterior horn cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord. causes a selective destruction of the motor neurons

brain tumors

primary tumors, neoplasms that originate in the brain itself, or secondary tumors, cancers that have metastasized from another area of the body, such as the lung, lilver, kidney, or skin. primary tumors can arise from any cell within the NCS. they are named according the the originating tissue.