slavery - north vs south

How was society different in the north vs the south

• in north many blacks were free vs in south they were limited, making huge division

How was industrialisation a division

• souths economy depended on agriculture from slavery while north had a free society allowing industrialisation

• Opportunity if industrialisation attracted European immigrants which led to building major cities in north so by 1860 north population had 23 million compared to south’s 9 million

• In comparison 80% in south were employed in agriculture whilst in north it fell below 40% by 1860

Evidence for growth in south slavery

• four million slavers in south which belonged to men who used them for farm work

• Slave owners dominated politics = peculiar institutions which meant that it was encouraged and that those who supported slavery and bought slaves could move up social ladder and be more powerful in USA

• Slavery become a type of social control and dependency on in south

How did the industrial boom divide the USA

• caused north to experience a “boom” as machinery manufacturing grew and many began moving to cities from countryside - found wage paying work

• North for workers fallen below 40% but remained 80% in south

• Southern was stalling as many remained in countryside and agriculture economy stalled - lived as farmers off land

What was the importance of railways

• mostly in nroth as only 35% located in south so not much for transporting goods and transport of settlers

• 1850: 9000 miles 1860: 30,000

How did the population of the USA change through industrialisation

1800, 5 million

1850: 23 million

What was an example of machinery inventions : cotton gin

1793: separated cotton fibres from seed which it grew, revolutionising cotton production as usually required slavers hand to do so , took lomg which machine did in few mins

• south relied on skates hand to do this

• made it possible to process 50 pounds of cotton per day compared to 1 pound by hand

By 1860s what was life like in north

• people working in agricultural and in countryside fell from 70% to 40%

• Slavery died out and replaced by cities and factories and immigrant labour

• 7/8 immigrants settled in north rather than south due to slavery in south

• Transportation easier in south causing a boost in economy

How did slavery differ in south

• government permitted - “pecuiliar institution”

• 4 million slavers in south

• Most men at least owned 1 or 2 slaves whilst half slaves we’re owned by men who owned minimum 20 slaves

• Slaves used for corn industry forced to work on corn farms

• Slavery attitudes dominated the government making it hard to oppose and by buying slaves could help upgrade social status (used as social control)

How was slavery different in the north

• many blacks were free and in states such as New York, Massachusetts, Ohio in which all was free

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How did slaves social population differ from south

By 1860: 23 million whilst in south was 9 million

Many attracted to industrialisation leading to major cities being build in the north

What was slavery like

• was brutal and racialised

• Had no legal rights, freedoms and faced physical punishment and family separation and relentless labour

• Particularly on southern plantations producing sugar, cotton and tobacco

By 1860 how many ensnared leople was there

4 million ensnared people , having 1/3 in the south

value of enslabed people at $3 million which was more than combined banks, factories and railway value

Was used as social control in the south and it politicially created powerfully slaveholdinf aristocracy

Why was cotton important for the south in 1850s

• USA made up 75% worlds cotton so used for economy to export to countries

• British and northern relied heavily on southern cotton , reinforcing souths belief that slavery was important and necessary

Regarding slavery what happened in 1808 of international Slave trade

• it was banned

• Consequently, strengthening domestic Slave trade (within the USA) which slaves we’re sold across state lines rather internationally

• Slave traders and plantation owners made huge profit

• 1790-1860 ome million Slaves relocated

As the us expanded why was slavery cause sectional tensions

• as had to decide whether new sections of USA would permit slavery causing conflict

• Missouri compromise - 1820

• 1850 compromise

• Kansas-Nebraska act 1854

• Deed Scott vs sandford 1857

What was the Missouri compromise of 1820

• allowed Missouri as a Slave stage nut banned slavery north which temporary settled tensions

What was the compromise of 1850

• California stated as a free state but included in fugitive Slave act forcing northerners to return escaped slaves

What was kansas Nebraska act

Allowed territories to vote on slavery, soon leading to “bleeding kansas” violent war

What was the dried Scott vs sandford

• Supreme Court ruled African Americans were not citizens and congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories - outraging the south

What was abolitionist movement and how did it grow

• people who wanted slavery abolished

  • gained major support in the north

  • Propogangda - newspapers and speeches made such as uncle toms cabin 1852 , galvanized oubkic opinion

  • Caused south ti believe was a direct attack on slavery which was their valued peculiar institution

  • 1860s- south felt threatened by attitudes north

Why was election of Abraham Lincoln important

• Member of anti slavery party causing south ti feel threatened

• Combincged many south states that slavery was in danger

What was sectionalism

The idea that people was more loyal to their state/area than the entire nation (whole USA)

What was manifest destiny - a reason why people moved westwards

Belief that Americans have a god given right to expand across entire American continent - phrase coined 1845

Why else did people move westwards

• there was opportunity to settle their

• Transport and railways developed

• For farming ( agricultural opportunities)

• To “civilise” groups that lived their - native Americans

Who were the native Americans

• had inhabited the us continent for thousands of years - called “Indians”

• Was around 80 different tribes identified by 1800s

• There wasn’t a homogeneous group - all groups different and sometimes ck flick between each one

• All had different cultures

What was the lifestyle of the native Americans

• worship nature and believed land was sacred so was against farming as believed damage to the land as it “belonged to the earth”

• Lived a nomadic (wandered , not settled) lifestyle : they were driven by a buffalo

• Eventually their lifestyle was destroyed due to westward expansion

What was federalism

How the us government was governed

• federal : had limited power over all fifty states (Washington)

• State : have power to regulate WITHIN state boundaries

This meant that power not granted to federal ads reserved for states which are divided between state and local governments

Which did more people have contact with regarding governments

• the state government such as police, schools, libraries

How was the government run in the USA

By the constitution which was a set rules that the us was governed by , acted as supreme law of USA

What was the constitution made up of

Executive: made if the president and his cabinet which makes and carries the nations laws , nominates justices to Supreme Court

Legislative: was congress made of the house of representative and senate were state representatives attend (435 HOR , 100 SENATE)

Judicial: 9 justices of Supreme Court which interpret laws and decide if they are unconstitutional, president can pick judges who influence their decisions (for a success law to be passed )

Highest in the court was Supreme Court