Mader Biology 14th Edition — Chapter 5 — Multiple Choice and True/False Review

Chapter 5, original question 2. Some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune system can build up substantial antibodies. How can cells change their chemical identity on a regular basis? A) Cells eliminate all surface proteins and present only a naked lipid bilayer. B) Because the membrane is "set," the cell must reproduce and then the cell with the old membrane must die. C) A new phospholipid bilayer is generated to replace the old layer. D) Different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane. E) Rapid evolution produces mutations.

D) Different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the plasma membrane.

Chapter 5, original question 3. Red blood cells come in many "blood types" including type A, type B, type AB, type O [lacking proteins A and B], Rh positive, Rh negative [lacking Rh +], and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or "foreign" proteins. These blood type proteins are A) on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane. B) evenly distributed throughout the cell contents and plasma. C) inside the red blood cell cytoplasm. D) in the red blood cell nucleus. E) in the plasma where they have been secreted by the red blood cells.

A) on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane.

Chapter 5, original question 4. What type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient? A) active B) passive C) osmosis D) diffusion

A) active.

Chapter 5, original question 5. Having similar _____ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted easily. A) carbohydrate chains in the cell membrane B) major histocompatibility complex proteins C) cell recognition proteins D) All of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation.

D) All of the choices are involved in tissue transplantation.

Chapter 5, original question 6. Which cell junction is unique to animals? A) All are unique to animals. B) desmosomes C) gap D) tight

A) All are unique to animals.

Chapter 5, original question 7. Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells? A) adhesion junctions (desmosomes) B) an extracellular matrix C) gap junctions D) plasmodesmata E) tight junctions

D) plasmodesmata.

Chapter 5, original question 9. If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur? A) The plant's cells would take on ions. B) Nothing. The plant would be fine in either aquarium. C) The plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur. D) The plant's cells would take on water and would lyse.

C) The plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.

Chapter 5, original question 10. Which type of molecule will not diffuse directly across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins? A) oxygen B) Na + C) carbon dioxide D) nonpolar molecules

B) Na +.

Chapter 5, original question 11. An extracellular matrix helps some cells adhere to neighboring cells. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 5, original question 12. Which of the following are major functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply. A) maintaining connections between adjacent cells B) production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall C) recognition and communication between different cells and tissues D) regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell E) separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell

A) maintaining connections between adjacent cells; C) recognition and communication between different cells and tissues; D) regulation of molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell; E) separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell.

Chapter 5, original question 13. Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of A) facilitated transport. B) diffusion. C) endocytosis. D) exocytosis.

A) facilitated transport.

Chapter 5, original question 15. Study the series of pictures to identify the process as A) osmosis. B) active transport. C) passive transport. D) facilitated transport.

D) facilitated transport.

Chapter 5, original question 16. The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 5, original question 17. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. There is a differentially permeable membrane across the broad end of the tube, which is permeable to water but not to the sugar glucose. As diffusion occurs, A) the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become more concentrated. B) both solutions will become more concentrated. C) the 10% solutionwill become more concentrated and the 5% solution will become lessconcentrated. D) both solutions will become less concentrated.

A) the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become more concentrated.

Chapter 5, original question 18. Which statement is true about the plasma membrane? A) The proteins make up the matrix of the membrane. B) The model can be likened to a sandwich where phospholipids are like the bread and proteins are like the filling. C) The fluid nature of the membrane is regulated by flip-flopping of the phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other. D) Proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane.

D) Proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane.

Chapter 5, original question 19. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. The solution in the thistle tube is _____ to the solution in the beaker. A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C) none of the answer choices D) isotonic

B) hypertonic.

Chapter 5, original question 21. Fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids decreases. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 5, original question 22. Which is the best definition of osmosis? A) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. B) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration. C) The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP. D) The movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration. E) The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration.

A) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

Chapter 5, original question 23. Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein? A) channel proteins—block the activity of carrier proteins B) carrier proteins—facilitate passage of molecules through the membrane C) cell recognition proteins—recognize pathogens D) enzymatic proteins—catalyze a specific reaction

A) channel proteins—block the activity of carrier proteins.

Chapter 5, original question 25. A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. Where is the highest concentration of water found? A) in the 5% solution B) None of the answer choices C) in the 10% solution D) the concentration of water is the same in both solutions

A) in the 5% solution.

Chapter 5, original question 27. Which process is responsible for moving cellular wastes across the cell membrane and out of the cell? A) pinocytosis B) endocytosis C) receptor-mediatedendocytosis D) exocytosis

D) exocytosis.

Chapter 5, original question 28. Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant cells? A) plasmodesmata B) gap C) tight D) adhesion

A) plasmodesmata.

Chapter 5, original question 29. Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _____ environment by removing water through _____. A) hypertonic; a contractile vacuole B) isotonic; a contractile vacuole C) hypotonic; a contractile vacuole D) hypotonic; turgor pressure E) hypertonic; turgor pressure

C) hypotonic; a contractile vacuole.

Chapter 5, original question 31. All life forms currently have a basic cell membrane so we hypothesize that the earliest cells also had membranes. It is likely that the primordial environment was acidic. In order for a cell to function in this type of environment, the cell membrane would have to include A) mitochondria underneath in order to provide energy for active transport. B) an acid-proof cell wall. C) a totally nonpermeable membrane. D) a proton (H +) pump. E) a sodium (Na +) pump.

D) a proton (H +) pump.

Chapter 5, original question 32. Which type of junctions will create a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells? A) Plasmodesmata are narrow channels B) gap C) tight D) desmosomes

C) tight.

Chapter 5, original question 33. Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon A) All of the choices are correct. B) the chemical properties of the molecule. C) the shape of the molecule. D) the size of the molecule. E) the charge of the molecule.

A) All of the choices are correct.

Chapter 5, original question 34. In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering the tissues. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 5, original question 35. In the sodium-potassium pump, sodium is transported into the cell and potassium is transported out of the cell using ATP energy. True or False?

FALSE.

Chapter 5, original question 36. Which channel protein assists the passage of water across the cell membrane? A) integrin. B) the sodium-potassium pump. C) aquaporin. D) ATP synthase.

C) aquaporin.

Chapter 5, original question 37. Plants show turgor pressure when A) water is being used up in photosynthesis. B) water is being evaporated from the leaves. C) cells are losing water from their water vacuoles. D) cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.

D) cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.

Chapter 5, original question 39. Eukaryotic cells are substantially larger than bacterial cells and average over 20 times more volume-per-surface-area than bacterial cells. How can the eukaryotic cell membrane provide this higher rate of exchange of materials? A) Large molecules are engulfed by vesicle formation. B) Carrier proteins speed the rate at which a solute crosses the plasma membrane in the direction of decreasing concentration. C) Plasma membrane folds increase the surface area. D) Mitochondria are concentrated near membranes to provide energy for active transport of molecules or ions. E) All of the choices are correct.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Chapter 5, original question 40. Which is the best definition of active transport? A) movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration B) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP C) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration D) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration E) movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

B) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.

Chapter 5, original question 41. Which of the following is true with respect to plant cell walls? A) Lignin is found in primary cell walls of plants. B) They all have secondary cell walls. C) They contain n-acetylglutamic acid. D) There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary cell walls.

D) There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary cell walls.

Chapter 5, original question 43. Proteins in a membrane are A) Neither answer choice is true. B) integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer. C) Both answer choices are true. D) peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeleton.

C) Both answer choices are true.

Chapter 5, original question 44. In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found? A) isotonic B) None of the above. C) hypertonic D) hypotonic

A) isotonic.

Chapter 5, original question 45. Which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to obtain food? A) receptor-mediatedendocytosis B) pinocytosis C) phagocytosis D) exocytosis

C) phagocytosis.

Chapter 5, original question 46. Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane. True or False?

TRUE.

Chapter 5, original question 47. Why is the energy expended during endocytosis worth it? A) The cellincreases the amount of ATP produced in order to complete endocytosis. B) There is no energyexpenditure during endocytosis. C) The cell expendssuch a small amount of energy to run endocytosis it doesn't really matter. D) The contents drawn into the cell are isolated from the cytoplasm preventing them from altering cellular function.

D) The contents drawn into the cell are isolated from the cytoplasm preventing them from altering cellular function.

Chapter 5, original question 48. Which of the following situations is most likely to produce a heart attack? A) The cell walls havebroken down and are not able to support the heart. B) The tight junctionhas ripped and is allowing ions to leak through the membrane lining theheart. C) The plasmodesmatahave collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell tothe next. D) The gap junctionshave collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell tothe next.

D) The gap junctionshave collapsed and they do not allow the correct flow of ions from one cell tothe next.

Chapter 5, original question 49. The component of an animal cell membrane that regulates the fluidity by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperatures is A) All of the choices are correct. B) lipid in nature. C) cholesterol. D) a steroid.

A) All of the choices are correct.

Chapter 5, original question 50. Which of the following is the reason why plants wilt if they are watered with a salt solution? A) Wilting protects the leaves from full exposure to the salt solution. B) Wilting results from an increase in turgor pressure. C) Wilting results from the salt weakening the plant cell walls. D) Wilting results from the loss of water.

D) Wilting results from the loss of water.

Chapter 5, original question 51. The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by the binding of LDL to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is A) cotransport. B) active transport. C) facilitated transport. D) receptor-mediated endocytosis. E) exocytosis.

D) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Chapter 5, original question 52. Which scenario is most likely to occur if the mitochondria in the kidney cells were to decrease in function? A) The kidneys wouldimprove in function. B) The amount ofactive transport in the kidneys would significantly decrease. C) The kidneys wouldbegin excreting large amounts of waste products. D) The amount ofactive transport in the kidneys would increase.

B) The amount ofactive transport in the kidneys would significantly decrease.

Chapter 5, original question 55. Which of the following is an example of active transport through a cell membrane? A) movement of oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream B) The movement of chlorine ions from an area of low concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of high concentration on the other side of the membrane. C) movement of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream and into the lungs D) movement of sweat onto the surface of your skin

B) The movement of chlorine ions from an area of low concentration on one side of the membrane to an area of high concentration on the other side of the membrane.

Chapter 5, original question 56. What will happen to a celery stick that is placed in a glass of water? A) Water will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution. B) None of these choices will occur. C) Salts will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution. D) Water will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution. E) Salts will move out of the celery cells into the surrounding solution.

A) Water will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution.

Chapter 5, original question 57. In a phospholipid bilayer, the A) fatty acid tails are ionized. B) fatty acid tails are hydrophilic. C) phosphate groups are hydrophobic. D) proteins are located only between the two layers. E) phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.

E) phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm.

Chapter 5, original question 58. Which statement is NOT true about the proteins in the plasma membrane? A) The hydrophobic portion of a protein is embedded within the membrane. B) Integral proteins are responsible for membrane functions. C) Proteins may be attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. D) Some peripheral proteins are connected to cytoskeletal filaments. E) Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.

E) Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains that are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane.

Chapter 5, original question 59. Which sentence does NOT describe one of the functions of proteins of the plasma membrane? A) Proteins of the plasma membrane can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. B) Proteins of the plasma membrane can initiate the replication of the genetic material. C) Proteins of the plasma membrane can form a channel through the membrane. D) Proteins of the plasma membrane can bind to a substance to carry it through the membrane. E) Proteins of the plasma membrane can act as a receptor for substances external to the cell.

B) Proteins of the plasma membrane can initiate the replication of the genetic material.

Chapter 5, original question 60. Imagine a person has a genetic disorder that prevents them from producing the protein collagen. What types of cellular issues will they be faced with? A) All of the choicesare plausible. B) The cell will nothave the ability to regulate the movement of molecules through themembrane. C) The cell will nothave the ability to divide properly. D) The cell would notbe recognized by the body's immune system. E) The cell would nothave the ability to resist stretching.

E) The cell would nothave the ability to resist stretching.