Topic 8: Transport Systems in Mammals (Humans) - Blood Circulatory System and The Heart

Flashcards reviewing the components of the human circulatory system, the closed circulatory mechanism, and the external structure and location of the heart.

What are the three main components of the human blood circulatory system?

The Heart (the pumping organ), The Blood vessels (tubes in which the blood flows), and The Blood (the fluid that acts as a transport medium in the blood vessels).

What characterizes a closed blood circulatory system in humans?

Blood is limited to the blood vessels.

What is the function of the smaller blood vessels formed from branching larger vessels?

They transport blood between the cells for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

What is the function of valves in the blood vessels carrying blood back to the heart?

They ensure that the blood flows in one direction only (i.e., to the heart).

How many chambers does the heart consist of, and how do they function?

The heart consists of four chambers which function as two separate pumps.

Where is blood pumped under high pressure after circulating through the body, and what is the purpose?

It is pumped to the lungs under high pressure to absorb oxygen.

What aspect of blood flow enables the body to maintain a high level of activity?

The high-rate of oxygen-rich blood flowing through the body.

What are the shape and approximate size of the human heart?

A hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ that is approximately the size of a closed fist.

What tissue constitutes the walls of the heart and how does it act?

Cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts and relaxes automatically.

Where is the heart situated within the human body?

In the thoracic cavity, above the diaphragm and between the lungs.

Which skeletal structures protect the heart?

The ribs and sternum.

Which major external blood vessels and structures are identified on the heart?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, right coronary artery, aorta, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, left coronary artery, and pericardium.