Acadeca Important Artists and Artworks

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

not including a single focal point in his paintings

Pliny the Elder

wrote Natural History

Jackson Pollock

elongated drips pull gaze quickly around canvas

Diego Rivera

20th century Mexico mural frescoes

Alexander Calder

created mobiles in the 20th century

Antonio Gaudi

organic, cut-stone buildings in Spain

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

introduced collages in 1912

Robert Rauschenberg

paint and silkscreen collages

Joseph Cornell

assemblages (juxtapose various found objects); “open boxes”

Ai Wei

a sculptor detained by the Chinese government in 2011

Raphael Sanzio

frescoes commissioned into Vatican by Pope Julius II; The School of Athens and Sistine Madonna

Donatello

created a bronze statue of David in the 1420s-60s

Botticelli

full-length painting The Birth of Venus in 1482

Tintoretto

mannerism (distorted perspective, scale, and color); chiaroscuro (contrast of light and dark, Baroque); The Last Supper

Matthias Grünewald (German Renaissance)

religious scenes; Isenheim Altarpiece (1510-5); 2 sets of folding swings, 9 parcels

Albrecht Dürer (German Renaissance)

carvings, woodcuts, biblical engravings; biblical scenes in naturalistic style; Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Hans Holbein the Younger (German Renaissance)

England’s court painter for Henry VIII; detailed observations of character; Thomas More (1527)

Rembrandt van Rijn

paintings, prints, drafter (architectural sketches → blueprints); self-portraits = studies of inner psyche; The Night Watch (Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq’s Company of the Civic Guard) - 1642; focused on subjects for artistic effect rather than the money they paid to be in the painting; died in poverty

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Embarkation for Cythera (1717); pioneered fête galante (nobility lounging in countryside)

Eugene Delacroix

rival of Jean Dominique Ingres; Orvid Among Scythians (1862); exotic or historical places; violent animals

Gustave Courbet

Stonebreakers (1849-50); men repairing road; The Burial at Ornans (1850 Salon; “the Burial of Romanticism”)

Edouard Manet

Le Déjeuner sur L’herbe; appeared in Salon des Refusés (an 1863 Parisian art exhibit to display artworks that had been refused by the Paris Salon)

Paul Cezanne (post-Impressionist)

rejected Impressionist amorphous shapes; broke subjects into geometric forms

Georges Serat (post-Impressionist)

optical mixing; pixelated landscapes; color-pointillism

Vincent van Gogh (post-Impressionist)

intense, thick color; Night Cafe (1888)

Paul Gauguin (post-Impressionist)

left career and family to move to Tahiti; natural scenes with intense color

Matisse (early Modernist)

Luxe, Calme et Volupté (1904)

Fritz Baumann

Cubist Composition (1918)

Max Ernst

Elephant Celebes (1921)

Duchamp

LHOOQ (1919)

Der Blaue Reiter (1913)

a group of German Expressionist artists who used abstract imagery

Die Brücke

a group of German Expressionists; Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Node, Edvard Munch; used Fauvist colors (bold, saturated, unnatural colors)

Die Stijl

a Dutch Expressionist movement; Piet Mondrian; flat rectangular fields in primary colors

Bull’s Head (1943) by Picasso

handlebars and bike seat

Jasper Johns

created a series that included flags, numbers, maps, and letters

Robert Rauschenberg

sculptures combined old objects

Bed (1955) by Robert Rauschenberg

painted bedclothes hung on wall

Monogram (1959) by Robert Rauschenberg

stuffed goat, tire, police banner, heel of shoe, tennis ball, paint

acrylic paint; airbrush

_____________ and the _______________ made the precise outlines of hard-edge painting possible

Frank Stella

innovated hard-edge painting

David Smith (minimalism)

stainless steel

Dan Flavin (minimalism)

neon tubing

Armory Show (February - March 1913)

sponsored by the Barnes Foundation; unconventional approaches to figure and space

performance art

theater + art; often has a political edge (ex. Guerrilla Girls)

Native Skywatchers program

Ojibwe and Dakota/Lakota star knowledge; Annette S Lee

John Ruskin

has an 1856 quote that says that a daily, quiet 10 to 12 mile walk is the most “amusing” of all travelling, and that all travelling becomes dull in direct proportion to its rapidity; art critic from Victorian England; railroad-hater

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

Who said “our languages carried thousands of years of knowledge”?

Water of the Flowery Mill

a typical New York School painting