Coasts (Physical Landscapes in the UK)

Give an example of mechanical weathering.

Freeze-thaw weathering

Which type of erosion? Eroded particles scrape and rub against rock.

Abrasion

List three types of mass movement.

Landslides / slumping / rockfalls

Constructive waves have a …………….. frequency.

Low

A coastline with alternating bands of hard and soft rock is called…

Discordant coastline

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps form at…

Headlands

Waves erode the bottom of cliffs forming a …..

Wave-cut notch

Beaches are formed by what type of waves?

Constructive waves

A spit is formed where?

At a sharp bend in the coastline (e.g. river mouth)

When a spit joins two headlands together it is called a….

Bar

The first dunes to form in sand dune formation are called………………

Embryo dunes

Which management strategy stops longshore drift to build up a beach?

Groynes

Give one disadvantage of sea walls.

Expensive to build and maintain

What is beach nourishment?

Adding sediment to the beach to make it wider

How can managed retreat lead to conflict?

Farmland or property can be flooded

Why was coastal management needed at Lyme Regis?

Destructive waves causing erosion + landslides + tourist destination with 3,600 residents

What three management strategies were used at Lyme Regis?

Sea wall / rock armour / beach nourishment

Give one positive effect of the Lyme Regis scheme.

Rock armour protects the harbour / sea wall protects the A3052 / beaches widened

Give one conflict caused by the Lyme Regis scheme.

Tourists cause litter, traffic and noise / expensive short-term solution (needs rebuilding in ~60 years)