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Brainstem
Connects the brain to the spinal cord; controls automatic survival functions
Midbrain
Top of the brainstem; relay for visual and auditory reflexes, eye movement, arousal
Pons
Bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum; helps regulate breathing rate
Medulla oblongata
Controls involuntary vitals: heart rate, breathing, blood pressure
Brainstem order top to bottom
Midbrain, then pons, then medulla
Cerebellum
Balance, posture, muscle coordination, and fine motor control
Cerebellum location
Posterior and inferior to the occipital lobe, behind the brainstem
Ataxia
Loss of balance and coordination from cerebellar damage
Dysarthria
Slurred, poorly coordinated speech from motor control damage
Reticular activating system
Network through the brainstem that controls arousal and wakefulness