MAP Unit 5: Bones Part 4 - Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

The bones that lie along the central axis of the body; includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone.

Appendicular Skeleton

The bones of the arms, legs, shoulders, and hips that help with movement.

Skull

The bones of the head that protect the brain and support the face.

Vertebral Column

The backbone or spine; supports the body and protects the spinal cord.

Ribs

Curved bones that form the rib cage and protect the heart and lungs.

Sternum

The breastbone; the flat bone in the middle of the chest that connects to most of the ribs through cartilage.

Hyoid Bone

A small, U-shaped bone in the neck that helps with speaking and swallowing.

Upper Extremities

The bones of the shoulders, arms, wrists, and hands.

Lower Extremities

The bones of the hips, legs, ankles, and feet.

Clavicle

The collarbone; connects the sternum to the scapula.

Scapula

The shoulder blade; a flat, triangular bone that helps with shoulder movement.

Humerus

The long bone in the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

Ulna

The forearm bone located on the pinky-finger side.

Radius

The forearm bone located on the thumb side.

Carpals

The eight small bones that make up the wrist.

Metacarpals

The five long bones that make up the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The bones that make up the fingers and toes.

Pelvis

The group of bones forming the hip region; supports the upper body and protects pelvic organs.

Femur

The thigh bone; the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

Tibia

The larger bone in the lower leg, also called the shinbone.

Fibula

The thinner bone on the outer side of the lower leg.

Patella

The kneecap; protects the knee joint.

Tarsals

The seven bones that make up the ankle and back part of the foot.

Metatarsals

The five long bones located in the middle of the foot.