Carbohydrates: Definitions, Structures, and Biological Roles in Plants and Animals
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14 Terms
What are carbohydrates?
Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n.
How do plants produce carbohydrates?
Through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy.
What is the photosynthesis equation?
CO2 + H2O + solar energy → (CH2O)n + O2.
What makes up the major fraction of plant tissues?
Carbohydrates.
What carbohydrate is found in structural plant tissues?
Fiber.
What are two examples of structural carbohydrates?
Cellulose and hemicellulose.
What carbohydrates are found in seeds and grains?
Starch and sugars.
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
Glycogen.
What are the three carbohydrate classifications?
Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
What is a monosaccharide?
A carbohydrate containing one sugar unit.
What is an oligosaccharide?
A carbohydrate containing 2-10 sugar units.
What is a polysaccharide?
A carbohydrate containing more than 10 sugar units.
What are monosaccharides chemically?
Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, including their derivatives.