PhilPop-Midterm-Reviewer (copy)

Culture

Culture

The ways of life of an entire society, including codes of manners, language, religion, rituals, arts, beliefs, and institutions that are passed down from generation to generation.

Material culture

The things that humans make and use, such as buildings, technological gadgets, clothing, film, music, literature, and art.

Non-material culture

The values, beliefs, systems of language, communication, and practices that are shared in common by a group of people, including knowledge, assumptions, expectations, rules, norms, laws, morals, discourse, and symbols.

Social order

The stability of society based on the collective agreement to rules and norms that allow cooperation, functioning as a society, and living together in peace and harmony.

Symbol

Something that stands for something else, agreed upon by people in a culture, such as language, money, and art.

Holism

The interconnectedness of all aspects of a culture, where all parts are related to one another.

Dynamic

The interaction and change of cultures, as they exchange ideas and symbols and adapt to changing environments.

Popular culture

The vernacular or people's culture that predominates in a society at a point in time, determined by the interactions between people in their everyday activities, informed by the mass media, and frequently encountered or widely accepted in a particular society at a given time.

Iconic brands

Brands that have attained pop iconic status and are widely recognized and approved by society, such as the Nike swoosh or McDonald's golden arches.

Inclusionary role

The role of popular culture in uniting the masses on ideals of acceptable forms of behavior and forging a sense of identity that binds individuals to the greater society.

Popular culture

Perspectives that permeate the mainstream of contemporary culture, heavily influenced by mass media, movies, TV, music, and games.

Social norms

The accepted behaviors and beliefs within a society.

National culture

The unique set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared meanings of a social system.

Sports

Activities that are played and watched by members of all social classes and represent a major part of many people's lives.

Television

A prevalent aspect of contemporary culture that provides entertainment and information, but is also criticized for potential negative effects.

Folk culture

Represents the traditional way of doing things, conservative and static compared to popular culture.

High culture

Not mass produced or meant for mass consumption, associated with the social elite and requires extensive experience or reflection to be appreciated.

Urbanization

The migration of rural masses to cities, leading to the formation of popular culture through common forms of expression.

Industrialization

The development of mass production, advancements in technology, and emergence of mass media, contributing to the formation of popular culture.

Mass media

Sources such as popular music, film, television, radio, video games, books, and the internet that heavily influence popular culture.

Individualism

The belief in the importance of individual rights and aspirations, which can also shape popular culture.

Spanish influence

The impact of Spanish culture on the Philippines, including language, religion, education, architecture, arts, music, cuisine, and customs.

Cultural assimilation

The process of adopting and blending foreign cultural elements into the present-day culture.

Conversion to Christianity

The majority of Filipinos were converted to Christianity during Spanish rule, incorporating beliefs and practices from earlier religions.

Language shift

Spanish, once the official language, was replaced by English and Filipino (based on Tagalog) during the American occupation and post-war years.

Heritage preservation

Efforts by the Philippine government and heritage groups to protect and maintain cultural heritage sites and revitalize aspects of Fil-Hispanic literature and language.

Spanish Colonizers

The Spanish colonizers arrived in the Philippines in 1521 and controlled the country until 1898, bringing Spanish ingredients and introducing dishes like adobo and embutido. They also aimed to introduce Christianity and enforced compliance and obedience to the "Christian way."

American System of Education

The American colonizers introduced the American system of education in the Philippines, which had a profound impact on the country's life and culture. This is considered the greatest contribution of American colonialism in the Philippines, as it improved the education system, established public schools, and spread the English language.

American Influence on Philippine Theatre

American influence on Philippine theatre can be seen through the introduction of bodabil (vaudeville) and the staging or translation of plays and dramas into English. American music genres like disco, funk, and Motown soul also found their way onto local radio stations.

American Influence on Clothing and Food

The Americans brought influence to Filipino clothing and food, introducing items like belts, bonnets, hats, high heels, polo shirts, and tennis shoes. They also introduced iconic American foods like burgers, corned beef, and Spam, as well as technology like microwaves and refrigerators.

Japanese Influence on Filipino Cultural Traditions

During the Japanese occupation in World War II, the Japanese promoted the use of Tagalog and the revival and appreciation of Filipino cultural traditions as part of their policy of "Asia for the Asians." This shift in focus came after the Filipino's preoccupation with proving their western democratic ideals to their American colonizers.

Chinese Influence on Philippine Cuisine

Chinese immigrants introduced cooking techniques like stir-frying and steaming to the Philippines, as well as specialties like pancit luglug, pancit canton, and lumpiang shanghai. Chinese ceramic jars with dragon motifs were also adopted into Visayan culture, and Chinese cultural offerings were embraced by the natives of the Philippines since at least the 10th century.

Korean Cultural Influence

The rise of the Korean wave, or Hallyu, has had a significant impact on Filipino culture. This influence can be seen through the popularity of K-pop and the presence of Korean grocery stores in the Philippines.

K-pop

A genre of music originating from South Korea that has gained popularity worldwide, including in the Philippines.

P-pop

A new genre of music that entered the mainstream in the Philippines, influenced by J-pop and K-pop.

K-dramas

Korean TV dramas that have risen to popularity in the Philippines, leading to the adaptation and remaking of Korean dramas into Filipino shows.

Loveteams

A concept introduced by Korean dramas, where two celebrities are paired together for romantic storylines, often used as an effective advertising tool in the Filipino media industry.

Korean Wave

The influence of Korean culture, including music, TV shows, fashion, and food, on Filipino society and popular culture.

K-pop idols

Boy and girl groups from Korea that have gained a large fanbase in the Philippines, leading to the purchase of their albums and endorsement products.

Korean cuisine

The food culture of Korea, including dishes like bibimbap, bulgogi, and dakgalbi, which have gained popularity in the Philippines.

Korean fashion

The style of clothing and fashion trends seen in Korean movies, TV shows, and music videos, which have influenced the fashion choices of Filipinos, particularly those from Generation Z.

Tinikling

A traditional Filipino dance that involves rhythmic stepping and bamboo poles, with nationwide appeal.

OPM rock

The dominant style of music in the Philippines, characterized by rock music sung in Filipino or English.

UDD

A popular indie-folk band that gained success after winning the Wander Band competition in 2014 and is known for its harmonizing vocals, violin riffs, and playful percussion.

Ben & Ben

An indie-folk band composed of singing-songwriting twins Miguel and Paolo Guico, known for creating beautiful songs that tug at the heartstrings without being cheesy or cliché.

Eraserheads

A highly influential band in the Philippines often referred to as "The Beatles of the Philippines," known for their raw, catchy, and humorous music that took the nation by storm in the 90s.

Autotelic

A contemporary OPM band that brings a refreshing sound to the scene with their Tagalog electro-pop-rock music, blending the old and the new in a unique way.

Parokya ni Edgar

One of the longest-running OPM bands, known for their comical lyrics and performances that influenced a generation of band-aspiring high school boys in the 90s.

Moira dela Torre

A singer-songwriter who gained fame with her emotionally captivating lyrics and sincere vocals, particularly with her original song "Malaya" used in the film Camp Sawi.

Filipino Pop Culture

The cultural practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in Filipino society, heavily influenced by mass media and characterized by an appreciation for art, fashion, music, and food.

Filipino Family Values

The central role of the family in Filipino society, with strong bonds between family members and a sense of community and support.

Filipino Concept of Shame

Hiya, a sense of social propriety and conforming to societal norms of behavior, which motivates Filipinos to live up to accepted standards and avoid bringing shame upon themselves and their families.

Superstition

Many Filipinos still believe in various superstitions, such as avoiding ending a chant on the word "mata" which denotes bad luck.

Plate Turning

When someone leaves in the middle of a meal, it is believed that everyone left at the table should turn their plates to ensure safe travels for the person leaving.

Pagpag

This superstition advises against going straight home after attending a wake, as it is believed that shaking off the spirit of the deceased is necessary to avoid it following you home.

"Tao po!"

Filipinos use the phrase "Tao po!" when knocking on someone's door to reassure the people inside that they are a person and not a potentially harmful supernatural creature.

Sukob

This superstition advises against siblings marrying within the same year, as it is said to divide the luck between the two marriages.

Pancit at celebrations

Serving pancit (noodles) at celebrations, especially birthdays, is believed to represent long life.

Elementals

Filipino folklore is rich with various elementals, and it is believed that one should say "tabi tabi po" when passing through places where elementals are likely to dwell to avoid unexplained sickness.

Fondness over babies

Showing fondness over babies is believed to potentially cause illness, and older people say "pwera usog" to counter any potential harm.

Elves

When items go missing and reappear, it is believed to be caused by playful elves called dwendes.

Filipino Food

Filipino cuisine is highly local and regional, influenced by Chinese, Spanish, American, Japanese, British, and Mexican cuisines, as well as native foods from Islamic regions and neighboring Southeast Asian countries.

Chinese Influence

Chinese traders introduced soy sauce, fish sauce, and stir frying to the Philippines, leading to the creation of Filipino-Chinese dishes.

Spanish Influence

The Spanish introduced cutlery and Christmas feast traditions, as well as rice-meat dishes and stews to the Philippines.

American Influence

Americans brought iconic American foods and technology like the microwave and fridge to the Philippines.

Boodle Fight

The U.S. Army introduced the concept of a boodle fight, a militaristic style of eating where all the food is spread out on a table covered with banana leaves, to the Philippines.

History of Philippine Television

Television was introduced in the Philippines in 1953, with the first official telecast launched by Judge Quirino on DZAQ-TV Channel 3.

TV Sets Cost

TV sets during this time period were less expensive than automobiles.

TV Reception

TV reception during this time period depended on electrical power, which was not always available.

Borrowed Films

The programs being telecasted during this time period were usually borrowed films from foreign embassies.

Imported old cowboy movies

The programs being telecasted during this time period also included imported old cowboy movies.

Actual coverage of events

The programs being telecasted during this time period included actual coverage of a variety of events.

Father James Reuter

Father James Reuter, a Jesuit with radio and television training in the United States, produced the first play on Philippine television entitled Cyrano de Bergerac.

Simultaneous Airing

In order to entice advertisers and increase viewership, programs were simultaneously aired on radio and television.

Radiowealth

In 1955, Radiowealth began manufacturing television sets.

Chronicle Broadcasting Network

In April 1958, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN) opened.

DZXL-TV Channel 9

DZXL-TV Channel 9 was established on April 19, 1958.

VHF TV Stations

In the 1960s, other VHF TV stations opened, including DZBB-TV Channel 7, Philippine Broadcast Service Channel, DZTM-TV Channel 5, Radio Philippines Network Channel 9, DZTV Channel 13, and DZRH-TV Channel 11.

Top Rated Programs

Among the top rated programs in the 60's were The Nida-Nestor Show, Buhay Artista, Pancho Loves Tita, and Tawag ng Tanghalan.

Apollo 11 Landing

In 1969, Filipinos witnessed the live television coverage of the Apollo 11 historic landing.

Martial Law

When the Philippines was placed under martial rule, media firms were taken over by the government.

Government Control

Media outlets critical of the Marcos administration were padlocked and sequestered, and radio and television stations were placed under military control.

Takeover of ABS-CBN

ABS-CBN was seized from the Lopez family and Eugenio Lopez Jr. was imprisoned.

GMA-7

By the latter part of 1973, GMA-7 was sold to Felipe Gozon and the name was changed from RBS to Greater Manila Area Radio Television Arts.

Restoration

In 1986, during the People Power Revolution, ABS-CBN was returned after BBC, RPN, and IBC were sequestered.

Shift to HD

In the 2010s, television shows began to be shot in high definition.

ABS-CBN Corporation (ABS-CBN)

A television network in the Philippines that was launched in 1953 as ABS and merged with CBN in 1967 to form ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. It was the largest television network in the Philippines before its shutdown in 2020.

TV5 Network, Inc

A television network in the Philippines that was launched in 1960 as DZTM-5 and became TV5 in 2008. It experienced rapid growth and became one of the major networks in the country.

GMA Network, Inc

A television network in the Philippines that was launched in 1961 as DZBB-7 and changed its name to GMA Radio-Television Arts in 1974. It played a significant role in the People Power Revolution in 1986 and is one of the top stations in the country.

People's Television Network (PTV)

A government-owned television network in the Philippines that was established in 1974 as DWGT-TV 4. It underwent name changes during the Marcos era and after the People Power Revolution, and is currently known as PTV.

Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC)

A television network in the Philippines that was launched in 1977 as DZTV-TV 13. It was sequestered in 1989 and is now a government-owned network.

Radio Philippines Network (RPN)

A television network in the Philippines that was launched in 1969 as DZKB-9. It was sequestered in 1989 and has undergone changes, including carrying ETC and being privatized by Nine Media Corporation. It is currently known as CNN Philippines.

Chronophone

A device used in the first picture with sound that reached Manila in 1910.

Talkie

A film with synchronized sound, also known as a "talking picture".

Film Marketing

The establishment of film distribution agencies in Manila by New York and Hollywood film companies in 1912, which led to the dominance of American films in the Philippine film market.

Golden Episodes

The period in Philippine cinema during the 5th and 6th decades (1940s and 1950s) when Filipino films achieved international recognition and won awards at various film festivals.

First Color Film

The introduction of color films in the Philippines, starting with the British film crew filming scenes in kinemakolor in 1911.

Censorship and Taxes

The establishment of the Board of Censors for cinematographic films in 1912 and the imposition of taxes on films in 1915 by the Philippine government.

Film Producers Association

The formation of the first association of motion picture producers and distributors in 1911 to fight censorship and lobby against taxes.

Film Academy

The creation of the Film Academy of the Philippines through a Presidential Decree to provide supervision and assistance to the movie industry, bringing together various organizations and guilds within the industry.