variables

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment, often thought of as the cause.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is tested and measured in an experiment, often thought of as the effect that depends on the independent variable.

Control Variable

Variables that are kept constant in an experiment to ensure that changes to the dependent variable are due to the independent variable.

Categorical Variable

A variable that can take on one of a limited and usually fixed number of values, categorizing individuals into groups.

Continuous Variable

A variable that can take on an infinite number of values within a given range.

Forces and Motion

Understanding Newton's laws of motion and how various forces affect the movement of objects.

Energy

Introduction to different forms of energy (kinetic, potential, thermal) and the principle of conservation of energy.

Waves

Basic concepts of waves, including sound and light, their properties, and how they travel through different media.

Simple Machines

Exploration of basic mechanical systems like levers and pulleys, and how they facilitate work.

Scientific Method

A systematic way of conducting experiments, making observations, formulating hypotheses, and analyzing results.