AP Bio Cell Functions

what makes and produces proteins for export

rough endoplasmic reticulum

produces lipids, forms cell membrane

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

makes proteins

ribosomes

packages proteins and lipids from ER for transport

golgi body

makes ribosomes

nucleolus

contains genetic info

nucleus

produces ATP

mitochondria

in charge of cell respiration

mitochondria

photosynthesis

chloroplasts

makes pectin

golgi body

organelles in endomembrane system (7)

golgi, nuclear envelope, ERs, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, plasma membrane

transfers hydrogen, oxygen breaks down fatty acids. oxidation

peroxisome

seperates genetic material from rest of cell

nuclear envelope

uncoiled dna is called ___

chromatin

makes glycoproteins

RER

makes steroid hormones

ser

carries out hydrolosis and storage

vacuole

helps make microtubuoles, plays role in animal cell division

centriole

synthesizes ribosomal RNA

nucleolus

makes all membranes in endomembrane system

rer and ser

allows for select items to enter/exit the cell

cell membrane

makes peroxide, hydrogens, oxygen

peroxysome

stores, modifies, packages for transport- pectin, saccharides

golgi body

contains digestive enzymes that work at low pH

lysosomes

helps breakdown and recycle worn organelles

lysosome

stores calcium

SER

gives cells support, shape, network of fibers

cytoskeleton

metabolizes carbohydrates

SER

interior lining of nuclear membrane, chromatin attaches to it

nuclear lamina

are cell walls prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

both

are cell membrane prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

both

are SER prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

are golgi body prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

are mitochondria prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

is genetic material prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

both

is a chloroplast prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

is a lysosome prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

are ribosomes prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

both

are centrioles prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukariotic

is the nucleus prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

is cytoplasm prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

both

is vacuole prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

is nucleolus prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both

eukaryotic

most conspicuous organelle

nucleus

encloses nucleus, seperating its contents from the cytoplasm

nuclear envelope

double membrane made of lipids, regulates entry and exit of large macromolecules and particles

nuclear envelope

nuclear envelope is lined by ____

nuclear lamina

maintains shape of nucleus, supports nuclear envelope

nuclear lamina

structures that carry genetic info

chromosomes

chromosomes are made up of these

chromatin

directs protein synthesis

nucleus

translate mRNA genetic message

ribosomes

carry out protein synthesis

ribosomes

syntehsis of proteins, transport into membrans/organlles/outside of cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification of poisons

things in the endomembrane system

ER without ribosomes

SER

metabolism of carbs

SER

detoxification of drugs and poisons

SER

has enzymes that are important to syntehsis of lipids, like steroids, oils, phospholiids

SER

stores calcium ions

SER

manufactures glycoproteins (Secretary proteins)

RER

membrane factory for cell- grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phosholipids to its own membrane

RER

makes its own membrane phospholipids- enzymes built into it assemble the phosphos

RER

center of manufacturing, warehouse, sorting, shipping

golgi body

sorts products of ER and modifies and stores them and sends them away

golgi

removes sugar monomers and substitutues others, producing variety of carbohydrates

golgi

manufactures polysaccharides like pectins and others

golgi

digests macromolecules

lysosome

carry out intracellular digestion

lysosomes

uses hydrolic enzymes to recycle cells own organic material- autophagy

lysosomes

carry out hydrolisis

vacuoles

holds reserves of important organic compounds, like proteins

vacuole

plant cells main repository of inorganic ions, like potassium and chloride

vacuole

helps growth of plant cells

vacuole

contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide

peroxisomes

use oxygen to break fatty acids down to smaller molecules

peroxisomes

detoxify alcohol

peroxysomes

interacts with motor proteins, circulates materials

cytoskeleton

shape and support cell, serve as tracks along which organlles w motor proteins can move

ex. guide vesicles

microtubules

responsible for seperation of chromosomes during cell division

mictrotubules

where microtubules grow out of- compression resisting girders of cytoskeleton

centrosomes

replicate before cells divide

centrioles

move fluid over surface of tissue (2)

cilia, flagella

moves snakelike, like swimming

flagella

moves back and forth motion

cilia