ap bio organelles

Nuclear envelope

A double-membrane structure that encloses the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the genetic material from the cytoplasm and regulating the transport of molecules through nuclear pores.

Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of membranous tubules and sacs within the cytoplasm, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane, involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi complex

An organelle consisting of flattened membranous sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for cellular transport or secretion.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.

Vesicles and vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs involved in storage and transport, where smaller structures transport materials and larger ones store water, nutrients, or waste.

Plasma membrane

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria

Double-membrane organelles that generate most of the cell's chemical energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Double-membrane organelles found in plant cells and algae that conduct photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.