Ch 3 - Skeletal system

combining forms: Bones

oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o

combining forms: bone marrow

myel/o

combining forms: cartilage

chondr/o

combining forms: joints

arthr/o

combining forms: ligaments

ligament/o

combining forms: synovial membrane and fluid

synovi/o, synov/o

combining forms: bursa

burs/o

Ossification

biological process of bone tissue formation

Osteoclast

cells that break down old or damaged bone

Osteoblast

cells that help rebuild the bone

Periosteum

tough, fibrous tissue that is the outermost covering of a bone

Compact/cortical bone

dense, hard, strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of a bone

Spongy/cancellous bone

Medullary cavity

central cavity in the shaft of long bones. Surrounded by compact bone.

Medullary= “pertaining to the inner section”

Endosteum

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Red bone marrow

found within spongy bone. Tissue that forms RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, thrombocytes.

Hematopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Yellow bone marrow

located within medullary cavity of long bones. Fat storage area

Cartilage

smooth, rubbery connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.

Articular cartilage

cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate (come together) to form joints. Smooth joint movement and protects bones from rubbing against eachother.

Meniscus

curved, fibrous cartilage (knee).

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Epiphyses

wider ends of long bones. Proximal and distal epiphysis

Foramen

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.

Process

normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.