Cardiovascular System

Pleura

Thoracic body cavity/lining

Peritoneum

Abdominal/pelvic cavity/lining

Parietal

Type of thoracic cavity lining that covers “walls”

Visceral

Type of lining that covers individual organs

Connecting

Type of thoracic cavity lining that lies between parietal and visceral

Costal

Type of parietal pleura that lines along the ribs

Diaphragmatic

Type of parietal pleura that lines along the diaphragm

Mediastinal

Type of parietal pleura that lines the midline, seperating the right and left pleural cavities; holds thymus, heart, trachea, esophagus, great vessels and vagus n.

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body with cardiac muscle; protected by lungs and ribs; has four chambers (atria and ventricles)

3-6th intercostal space

Location of dog’s heart

4-7th intercostal space

Location of cat’s heart

Pericardium

Serous sac around the heart containing small amounts of fluid and fat; contains a outer fiberous and inner serous layer

Serous pericardium

Layer of the pericardium made up of two layers: visceral (epicardium) and parietal; in between there is a small amount of fluid

Pericardial effusion

Overproduction of fluid within the pericardial sac, restricting expansion and contraction

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Layers of the heart in order (superficial to deep)

Provides lubrication for expansion and contraction

Function of heart fluid

Epicardium

Serous visceral pericardium; outermost layer of the heart wall

Myocardium

Heart muscle; middle layer of the heart wall

Endocardium

Tissue that lines the inside heart cavities; innermost layer of the heart wall

Fibrous pericardium

Tough, outer protective layer of the pericardium made of dense irregular connective tissue and collagen fibers

Serous parietal pericardium

Outer layer of the serous pericardium that lines the deep surface of the fibrous pericardium

Pericardial cavity (space)

Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium that surrounds the heart

Epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Innermost layer of the serous pericardium that directly covers the surface of the heart and the roots of the great vessels

18-36 bpm

Horses bpm

120-220 bpm

Cat bpm

Slower

The bigger the animal the (faster/slower) Sthe bpm

Base

Part of the heart that is the gateway into/out of the heart; top of the heart

Apex

Bottom or “point” of the heart

Heart attacks

When we disrupt the pathway of blood into the heart the risk are conditions like _____________

Coronary groove

Goes around the “crown”; separates atrium from ventricles; contains coronary arteries and veins

Interventricular groove

Contain the subsinuosal IV and paraconal IV groove of the heart

2,2,2

The heart has _ atrium, _ ventricles, _auricles

Tricuspid

Another name for Right Atrioventricular valve

Mitral (bicuspid)

Left atrioventricular

Atrium, ventricle

Inflow valves flow from the ____ to _____

Left/right atrioventricular valves

Inflow valves

Heart, blood vessels

Outflow valves flow from the ____ to _____

Away from

All arteries carry oxygenated blood _____ the heart most of the time (except for pulmonary and umbilical)

Aortic, pulmonic valves

Outflow (semilunar) valves

Arteries, veins

_ feed capillaries, capillaries feed _

Capillaries

Leaky, allow things to exchange; exchange nutrients for waste

To

Veins carry bloodcarry deoxygenated blood ____ the heart most of the time (except for pulmonary and umbilical)

AV valves

Internal structures that function to maintain the structural integrity of the organ and ensure that the blood flows in only one direction

Chordae Tendineae

Attach the free edges of the AV valves to the papillary muscles (cardiac wall)

Papillary muscles

Muscles that contract; pulling on “chords” (chordae tendinae) that close the atrioventricular valves

Pulmonary circulation

Circulation in which blood picks up oxygen and releases CO2; required as the site where oxygen enters the system

Systemic circulation

Circulation that takes blood to the system; left ventricle contracts to push blood through the entire body

Vena cava, R atrium

1) Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the _____ and enters the ______

Tricuspid, R ventricle

2) Blood passes through the _________ valve into the ___________

Pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs

3) Blood passes through the ____________, and into left and right __________ to the ______

Pulmonary veins, L atrium

4) Oxygenated blood then travels through right and left ————— and enters the ————-

Bicuspid, L ventricle

5) Blood passes through the ________ valve and into the _________

Aortic, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta

6) Blood passes through the _____ valve and into the _________ to the _________ to the _________ and to the rest of the body

Body, vena cava, R atrium, tricuspid, R ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, L atrium, bicuspid, L ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

Blood flow of blood in heart in order

Foramen ovale, Ductus Arteriosus

Blood in fetus bypass the lungs by _________ and __________.

Foramen ovale

Method that blood bypasses the lungs in fetuses; opening between right atrium to the left atrium during embryological development

Ductus arteriosus

Method that blood bypasses the lungs in fetuses; pulmonary artery to aorta

Umbilical vein

Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through ______

Umbilical vein, liver, caudal vena cava, r atrium, tricuspid, r ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus, aorta, body

Fetal blood (with the ductus arteriosus) flow in order

Umbilical vein, liver, caudal vena cava, r atrium, foramen ovale, l atrium, bicuspid, l ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

Fetal blood (with the foramen ovale) flow in order

Lub

Simultaneous closure of the R/L AV valves

Dup

Simultaneous closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves

Arteries

Thicked walled; responsible for the pulse; carry oxygenated blood away from the heart most of the time (except for pulmonary and umbilical)

Veins

Super thin walled; more superficial; carry deoxygenated blood to the heart most of the time (except for pulmonary and umbilical)

Cranial/caudal

Vessels of the vena cava run…

Ascending, aortic arch, descending (thoracic and abdominal)

Vessels of the aorta

Pulmonary vein (oxygenated) and artery (deoxygenated)

Vessels of the pulmonary trunk

Coronary vessels

First branches that leave the ascending aorta; supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

Brachiocephalic trunk

First major branch off aortic arch; supplying blood to the right arm (right subclavian artery) and right side of the head/neck

Left subclavian artery

A branch off aortic arch that supplies blood to the left upper limb (thoracic limb)

Jugular, cephalic vein (front leg), saphenous vein (hindlimb)

Common venipunture sites for canine

Jugular, cephalic vein (front leg), femoral vein (hindlimb)

Common venipunture sites for feline

Left

The ___ ventricle is thicker than the other.

Auricle

Small chamber that collects extra blood as it comes into the heart, to prevent over filling