Cardiovascular System

Pleura

Thoracic body cavity/lining

Peritoneum

Abdominal/pelvic cavity/lining

Parietal

Type of lining that covers “walls”

Visceral

Type of lining that covers individual organs (viscera)

Connecting

Type of lining that lies between parietal and visceral

Costal

Type of parietal pleura that lines along the ribs

Diaphragmatic

Type of parietal pleura that lines along the diaphragm

Mediastinal

Type of parietal pleura that lines the midline, seperating the right and left pleural cavities; holds thymus, heart, trachea, esophagus, great vessels and vagus n.

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body with cardiac muscle; protected by lungs and ribs; has four chambers (atria and ventricles)

3-6th intercostal space

Location of dog’s heart

4-7th intercostal space

Location of cat’s heart

Pericardium

Serous sac around the heart containing small amounts of fluid and fat; contains a outer fiberous and inner serous layer

Serous pericardium

Layer of the pericardium made up of two layers: visceral (epicardium) and parietal; in between there is a small amount of fluid

Pericardial effusion

Overproduction of fluid within the pericardial sac, restricting expansion and contraction

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Layers of the heart in order (superficial to deep)

Provides lubrication for expansion and contraction

Function of heart fluid

Epicardium

Serous visceral pericardium

Myocardium

Heart muscle

Endocardium

Lines inside heart cavities

18-36 bpm

Horses bpm

120-220 bpm

Cat bpm

Slower

The bigger the animal the (faster/slower) Sthe bpm

Base

Part of the heart that is the gateway into/out of the heart; top of the heart

Apex

Bottom or “point” of the heart

Heart attacks

When we disrupt the pathway of blood into the heart the risk are conditions like _____________

Coronary groove

Goes around the “crown”; separates atrium from ventricles; contains coronary arteries and veins

Interventricular groove

Contain the subsinuosal IV and paraconal IV groove of the heart

2 atrium, 2 ventricles, 2 auricles

The heart has….

Tricuspid

Right Atrioventricular

Mitral (bicuspid)

Left atrioventricular

Atrium, ventricle

Inflow valves flow from the ____ to _____

Left/right atrioventricular valves

Inflow valves

Heart, blood vessels

Outflow valves flow from the ____ to _____

Away from the heart (oxygenated)

All arteries carry blood…

Aortic, pulmonic valves

Outflow valves

Arteries, veins

_ feed capillaries, capillaries feed _

Capillaries

Leaky, allow things to exchange

To the heart (deoxygenated)

Veins carry blood…

AV valves

Internal structures that function to maintain the structural integrity of the organ and ensure that the blood flows in only one direction

Chordae Tendineae

Attach the free edges of the AV valves to the papillary muscles (cardiac wall)

Papillary muscles

Muscles that contract; pulling on “chords” that close the atrioventricular valves

Pulmonary circulation

Circulation in which blood picks up oxygen and releases CO2; required as the site where oxygen enters the system

Systemic circulation

Circulation that takes blood to the system; left ventricle contracts to push blood through the entire body

Vana cava, R atrium

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the _____ and enters the ______

R atrioventricular, R ventricle

Blood passes through the _________ valve (tricuspid) into the ___________

Pulmonary valve. pulmonary artery, lungs

Blood passes through the ____________, and into left and right __________ to the ______

Pulmonary veins, L atrium

Oxygenated blood then travels through right and left ————— and enters the ————-

L atrioventricular, L ventricle

Blood passes through the ________ valve and into the _________

Aortic, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta

Blood passes through the _____ valve and into the _________ to the _________ to the _________ and to the rest of the body

Foramen ovale, Ductus Arteriosus

Blood in fetus bypass the lungs by _________ and __________.

Foramen ovale

Right atrium to the left atrium

Ductus arteriosus

Pulmonary artery to aeorta

Umbilical vein

Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through ______

Umbilical vein, liver, caudal vena cava, r atrium, r av valve, right ventricle, pulmonary calce, pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus, aorta, body

Fetal blood flow in order

Lub

Simultaneous closure of the R/L AV valves

Dup

Simultaneous closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves

Arteries

Thicked walled; responsible for the pulse

Capillaries

Exchange nutrients for waste

Veins

Super thin walled; more superficial

Cranial/caudal

Vessels of the vena cava

Ascending, aortic arch, descending (thoracic and abdominal)

Vessels of the aorta

Pulmonary vein (oxygenated) and artery (deoxygenated)

Vessels of the pulmonary trunk

Coronary vessels

First branches that leave the ascending aorta; supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

Brachiocephalic trunk

First major branch off aortic arch; supplying blood to the right arm (right subclavian artery) and right side of the head/neck

Left subclavian artery

Branch off aortic arch that supplies blood to the left upper limb (thoracic limb)

Jugular, cephalic vein (front leg), saphenous vein (hindlimb)

Common venipunture sites for canine

Jugular, cephalic vein (front leg), femoral vein (hindlimb)

Common venipunture sites for feline