Anatomy exam 3

Which of the following is a primary function of the skeletal system?

Producing blood cells

Red bone marrow is primarily responsible for:

Hematopoiesis

Yellow bone marrow contain:

Adipose tissue

Which type of bone is embedded within a tendon?

Sesamoid bone

The shaft of a long bone is called the:

Diaphysis

Which structure covers the epiphysis of a long bone?

Articular cartilage

The medullary cavity is found in the:

Diaphysis

The structural units of compact bone are called:

Osteons

The structural units of spongy bone are called:

Trabeculae

Which bone tissue is most abundant in the epiphysis of a long bone?

Spongy bone

The primary protein found in the organic matrix of bone is:

Collagen

Hydroxyapatite crystals are part of the:

Inorganic matrix

Which bone cell maintains bone tissue?

Osteocyte

Which bone cell is responsible for bone deposition?

Osteoblast

Which bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

Osteoclast

Osteogenic cells function as:

Stem cells for bone tissue

Intramembranous ossification uses which framework?

Mesenchyme

Endochondral ossification uses which framework?

Hyaline cartilage

Most skull bones develop through:

Intramembranous ossification

During intramembranous ossification, osteoblasts eventually become:

Osteocytes

In which epiphyseal plate zone do chondrocytes actively divide?

Proliferation zone

Which zone is characterized by increases in chondrocyte size?

Maturation and hypertrophy zone

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the:

Epiphyseal plate

Growth in bone width is known as:

Appositional growth

Which type of fracture is caused by twisting forces?

Spiral

Which fracture produces many small bone fragments?

Comminuted

Which fracture is a partial break commonly seen in younger individuals?

Greenstick

During bone repair, the first structure is formed is the:

Hematoma

Which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity?

Parathyroid hormone

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?

Calcitonin

Joints may be classified based on:

Structural and functional characteristics

Which structural class of joints contains a fluid filled joint cavity?

Synovial joints

Fibrous joints are primarily connected by:

Dense regular connective tissue

Synovial joints are generally classified functionally as:

Diarthrosis

A synarthrosis is a:

Immovable joint

An amphiarthrosis allows:

Slight movement

A diarthrosis is:

Freely moveable

Which fibrous joint is found between skull bones?

Suture

Which fibrous joint anchors a tooth into its socket?

Gomphoses

The joint between the radius and ulna is an example of:

Syndesmosis

A synchondrosis joins bones together with:

Hyaline cartilage

The pubic symphysis is composed of:

Fibrocartilage

Which structure secretes synovial fluid?

Synovial membrane

A tendons connects:

Muscle to bone

A ligament connects:

Bone to bone

Which type of synovial joint is the least mobile?

Plane

Which synovial joint allows movement around only one axis?

Hinge

The atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2) is a:

Pivot joint

The thumb carpometacarpal joint is

Saddle joint

Which synovial joint is multiaxial?

Ball-and-socket

Which disorder results from inflammation of a bursa?

Bursitis

Osteoarthritis primarily involves:

Wear and tear of articular cartilage

Gouty arthritis results from:

Uric acid crystal deposition

Rheumatoid arthritis is best described as:

Autoimmune disorder

Flexion:

Decreases the angle between bones

Abduction is movement:

Away from the midline

Circumduction is:

Cone-shaped movement

Supination of the forearm results in:

Palm facing forward

Inversion refers to:

Rotating the sole of the foot medially

Which pair of movements occurs in anterior and posterior directions?

Protraction and retraction