Module 6: Pre Great War Era

Karl Marx

founder of modern communism

Adam Smith

Wrote the wealth of nations, created Capitalism

Louis Pasteur

Began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria

Edward Jenner

Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Henry Bessemer

Englishman who developed the first efficient method for the mass production of steel

James Watt

Scottish engineer and inventor whose imrpoved the steam engine

James Hargreaves

invented the spinning jenny

Sepoy

An Indian soldier serving under British command.

King Leopold II of Belgium

The king of Belgium who colonized the Congo and sent expeditions into central Africa

Boxers

A secret group of Chinese who attacked foreigners in China.

Otto von Bismarck

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882).

Count Cavour

Unified northern Italy through diplomatic treaties

Red Shirts (Italy)

Group of Italian volunteers started by Giuseppe Garibaldi. They fought in the Italian

Unification War

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

Communism

economic and political system that aims to create a classless society where the public or state owns the means of production, and wealth is shared equally or based on need

Socalism

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.