CH 2 POSC

What was the primary document being ratified in 1788?

The Constitution of the United States.

What concept did the Framers use to prevent tyranny in the government?

Separate powers and checks and balances.

Who were the main advocates for the Constitution during the ratification process?

Federalists.

What were the Federalist Papers?

A series of essays written to promote the ratification of the Constitution.

What was the main argument of the Anti-Federalists?

Opposition to a strong central government, fearing it would mirror British Parliament.

What amendment abolished slavery?

The 13th Amendment.

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To outline civil liberties that cannot be taken away by the government.

What landmark case established the concept of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison.

How does judicial review function within the government?

It allows the Supreme Court to declare if a laws unconstitutional.

What principle did the Framers of the Constitution intentionally design to be difficult but not impossible to change?

The amendment process.

What does the term 'relative permanence' refer to in the context of the Constitution?

The Constitution can be amended, but it also maintains a degree of stability and durability.

What did the Framers not anticipate when creating the Constitution?

Modern issues like violent video games, abortion, or gay marriage.

What is the role of the Supreme Court in relation to laws created by policymakers?

To interpret the Constitution and determine if laws are constitutional.

What did the American Revolution idea establish

the principles of liberty, democracy, and self-governance.

What year did the Declaration of Independence signed?

1776

Why the Declaration of Independence is important?

It established the United States as a separate nation and articulated the foundational principles of individual rights and government by consent.

When were the Articles of Confederation created and ratified?

Created 1777. ratified 1781

Why were the Articles of Confederation created?

To law of the land like a rulebook of politics guidelines that government is suppose to follow

Why were articles of confederation were weak?

They lacked a strong central government, limiting federal authority to tax and regulate commerce.

Republicanism

Citizen choose their representatives and leader through free election

What occur at the Constitutional Convention

The framers drafted the Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation, addressing issues of governance and federal authority.

What was ONE of the tension present in the original element of the Constitution?

The tension between wanting unity but avoiding tyranny

What is the SECOND tension present in the original element of the Constitution?

Tension about citizen ruling/control over the government but no too much control that can cause mob rule

The Constitution (undemocratic elements)

1) Slavery

2) Representation of Senate of each state

3) Electoral College

Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central authority state government

Virgina Plan

A proposal for a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on state population, which favored larger states.

New Jersey plan

Equal representation of each state in Congress regard less of the state population favored smaller states

What is the Connecticut Compromise is also known for

Great Compromise

The Great compromise

Created that there is 2 senate representation in every state no matter the population size and the house of reps are based of the state population

Fugitive slave act

The act required that slaves are to be return to their owner no matter if the slave escape to a free state

three-fifths compromise

Agreement that enslaved people would count as 3/5 of a person in determine representation in Congress

Electoral College

# of House of reps plus 2 senate

Majority count win the presidential election no matter if they win the popular vote

Separation of powers

Power divide among Legislative, Executive , and Judicial branches of government

Checks and Balances

Allows each branch of government to check each other power to prevent abuse of power

What did the Federalist introduce in the first congress to help ratification?

Amendment that outlined the rights of Americans

Federalist

Support of the Constitution because wanted more centralized republicanism

Anti- Federalist

Opposed the Constitution because it created a strong central government thought is would become tyrannical wanted a small-scale republicanism

Bill of rights

The first 10 Amendments to the US constitution to protect basic liberties

Amending the Constitution

Need approval of 2/3 of Congress which is the house of reps and senate and ¾ of the state

What was the significance of Murbury v Madison

It established the power of judicial review

What are the 3 pillars of liberal democracy?

Popular sovereignty, political equality, politically liberty

Why did the Constitution established?

There articles of confederation wasn’t working because of the weak central gov need to unify the state to be able to regulate commerce, provide law and create unity in the US