Psych Exam 2

Destroy certain parts of the nervous system and stimulate w/ electricity

Neuropsychologists:

Wait for nature and study effects on brain

Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves throughout the body

Sense

Somatosenses

Olfaction

Smell, does not enter thalamus

Gustation

Taste

Thalamus

Sends vision, audition, and somatosenses to primary sensory areas of cerebral cortex, gustation somewhere else

Association Areas

Visual Association, Auditory Association, Somatosensory Association

Primary Motor Cortex

Precise movements

Basal Ganglia

Gross movements

Cerebellum

Smooths up movements

Left side of brain:

Verbal, analytic

Right side of brain:

Synthesis, wholistic

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Can speak but doesn’t make sense. Difficulty understanding speach

Broca’s Aphasia

Difficulty speaking, use keywords. Understand speach fine

Frontal Lobe

Planning, self awareness, spontaneity, attention to emotionally relevant stimuli

Damage to frontal lobe

perseveration, forget who they are, bland personality, not good at planning, not changing plan if they have one, not self-critical

Hypothalamus

Feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating

Empiricist Explanation

Come into world with a blank slate

Nativist Explanation

Many aspects of knowledge is based on pre-existing characteristics of the human mind

Distal Stimuli

Things in the world

Proximal Stimuli

Registration on sense receptors

Anatomical Coding

How brain uses physical identity during perception

Temporal Coding

Faster neurons means the stimulus is more

Weber’s Law

change in intensity/intensity is constant.

Fechner’s Law

S = klogi

Absolute threshold

How much intensity until you notice stimulus

Response bias

Toward saying yes or no to stimulus being present

Size Constancy

Retinal image, bigger = probably closer

Depth cues

Shape Constancy

Contextual clues

Lightness Constancy

Comparative, reflectance

Binocular Disparity

Left and right eye see slightly different

Pictorial Cues

Interpositioning (overlap), Relative size

Texture Gradients

Greater object density = further away

Motion Parallax

Closer things move faster

Apparent Movement

Lights in a line on and off fast, not actually moving

Induced Movement

Actual movement but incorrect perception of the movement (pool ball but table is moving)

Perceptual Construction

Brain builds mental model of external world

Perceptual Differentiation

Using distinctive features