bacteria cell terms functions

capsule

sticky outer layer that shields bacteria

cell wall

tough outer layer made of peptidoglycon

cytoplasm

gel-like fluid where chemical reactions and growth take place

endotoxins

toxic structural molecules located in the outer cell membrane of gram negative bacteria like e-coli

mesosome

cellular respiration and cell division

pilli

short, hair-like fibers that attach to surfaces

nucleiod (DNA)

open region holding the main circular DNA strand

ribosomes

tiny structures that build proteins for the cell

inclusion

internal storage vaults

plasmid

small extra pieces of DNA that can carry helpful traits like antibiotic resistance

flagellum

propel the bacteria through liquids

penicillins

inhibits transpeptidose enzymes responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycon, leading to cell wall rupture, primary target is the cell wall

tetracyclines

primary target is ribosomes, it binds reversing to the 30 S ribosomal subunit, blocking tRNA attachment and halting protein synthesis

fluroquinolones

primary target is DNA/nucleoid, it gets in the way of DNA gyrase and topisomerase IV, preventing DNA replication and transductuon

sulfa drugs

primary target is the cytoplasm (enzymes), they destroy bacteria by acting as imposters and the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, inhibiting folate synthesis.