Capillary Dynamics, Lymphatics, Immune, and Respiratory Systems

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering learning objectives for capillary dynamics, the lymphatic system, immune defenses, and respiratory physiology.

Capillary exchange and bulk flow

Processes governed by capillary dynamics factors that determine bulk fluid exchange and fluid balance.

Lymphatic vessels

Vessels characterized by their functions, structural makeup, distribution, and mechanism of lymph transport.

Diffuse and follicular lymphoid tissues

Two structural types of lymphoid tissue differentiated by their basic structure and cellular population.

Lymph nodes

Lymphoid organs characterized by their general location, histological structure, and functions.

Spleen and thymus

Primary lymphoid organs evaluated for their specific structure and function within the lymphatic and immune systems.

MALT

A designated lymphoid tissue category characterized by its major components.

Surface membrane barriers

Anatomical structures that provide protective functions in innate body defense.

Phagocytosis

A cellular protective mechanism of innate body defense that operates alongside natural killer cells and fever.

Natural killer cells

Defensive immune cells that play an important role in innate body defense alongside phagocytosis and fever.

Fever

A systemic response that plays an important role in innate body defense alongside phagocytosis and natural killer cells.

Inflammatory chemicals

Specific chemical substances identified in the inflammatory process that mediate distinct protective roles.

Antigen

A substance defined by its ability to affect adaptive defenses.

Complete antigen

A functional category of antigen defined in adaptive immunity alongside haptens and antigenic determinants.

Hapten

A specific type of antigen defined in adaptive immunity alongside complete antigens and antigenic determinants.

Antigenic determinant

A specific functional component or site on an antigen defined in adaptive defenses.

B and T lymphocytes

Adaptive immune cells compared and contrasted by their origin, maturation process, and general functions.

Immunocompetence

A functional developmental capability established in B and T lymphocytes during their maturation.

Self-tolerance

A developmental property acquired by B and T lymphocytes during their maturation alongside immunocompetence.

Antigen-presenting cells

Specialized cells that present antigens and play a critical role in adaptive defenses.

Cellular immunity

A branch of adaptive defense involving the activation, clonal selection, and functional roles of different types of T cells.

Humoral immunity

A branch of adaptive defense defined by B cell clonal selection, plasma and memory cells, and active or passive immunity.

Plasma cells

Effector cells produced during the clonal selection of a B cell that carry out roles in humoral immunity.

Memory cells

Cells generated during B cell clonal selection that maintain humoral immunity alongside plasma cells.

Active and passive humoral immunity

The two distinct forms of humoral immunity compared and contrasted by their mechanisms.

Antibodies

Immune proteins defined by specific structures and functions that are divided into five antibody classes.

Upper respiratory structures

The respiratory organs identified as the nose, pharynx, and sinus.

Conducting zone and respiratory zone

The two functional divisions distinguished within the respiratory system.

Larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Organs forming the respiratory passageway characterized by their specific structure, function, and location.

Respiratory membrane

The structural boundary whose anatomical makeup relates structure to function in pulmonary gas exchange.

Alveoli

The terminal organs reached at the end of the descending respiratory passageways.

Intrapleural space

The space associated with the pleurae that maintains a functionally important partial vacuum.

Boyle’s law

A physical law related to the volume changes and events of inspiration and expiration.

Respiratory muscles and lung elasticity

Anatomical factors whose relative roles produce volume changes causing air to flow into and out of the lungs.

Dead space

A specific respiratory parameter defined within the study of pulmonary ventilation and lung capacities.

Pulmonary function tests

Diagnostic evaluations used to obtain clinical and physiological information regarding lung volumes and capacities.

BPG

A biochemical factor that influences oxygen loading and unloading alongside temperature, pH, and $P_{CO_2}$.

$$P_{CO_2}$$

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide that affects oxygen loading and unloading as well as respiratory rate and depth.

Influences on respiratory rate and depth

Factors including arterial pH, arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, lung reflexes, volition, and emotions.