History Chapt 5

quorum

the minimum number of members needed to transact business in the House or the Senate

pocket veto

When the president rejects a bill by not signing it within 10 days while Congress is adjourned.

naturalization

the process by which a foreign-born person gains citizenship

elastic clause

Another name for the Necessary and Proper Clause, which allows Congress to expand its powers to pass needed laws.

writ of habeas corpus

a court order that forces authorities who arrest a person to quickly bring him before a judge and charge him with a crime or else release him

bill of attainder

a bill permitting punishment without a trial

ex post facto law

A rule that punishes someone for doing something that was allowed when they did it.

appropriation

a grant of money allocated (budgeted) by Congress to finance government programs

pardon

the president’s power to completely forgive a crime and remove its consequent punishment, thereby releasing a convicted person from the remainder of his sentence

1 of 13 colonies didn’t send delegates to the constitutional convention

Rhode Island

The last state that ratified the consitution was…

Rhode Island

subpoena

a legal order requiring a person to appear as a witness before a court or congressional hearing

eminent domain

the right of government to condemn (take) private property for the public good while fairly compensating the property owner

due process

legal rules that the government must follow to protect the rights of the accused

3 requirements to be president

-must be 35

-natural born citizen (not naturalized)

-Must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years

bicameral

describes a legislative branch of the national government that is split into two parts: an upper house and a lower house.

census

An official count of everyone living in the United States that happens every 10 years and helps decide how many representatives each state gets.

How many amendments are there?

27 amendments

General ideas of amendments of 1-12

1. 1st: Basic freedoms

2. 2nd: Bear arms

3. 3rd: No forced soldiers

4. 4th: No unreasonable searches

5. 5th–8th: Rights in court

6. 9th–10th: People’s rights, state powers

7. 11th: Limits state lawsuits

franking privilege

the right of members of Congress to send official mail free of charge

which amendment limits the president’s rule to 2 terms

the 22nd amendment

Congressional record

A record of what congress does

Marbury v. Madison

A Supreme Court ruling that established judicial review, which lets courts decide if laws made by Congress are unconstitutional.

7 articles of consituition

Article 1: Establishes the legislative branch

Article 2: Establishes the executive branch

Article 3: Establishes the judicial branch

Article 4: State relationships

Article 5: Amending the Constitution

Article 6: Constitutional and National Supremacy

Article 7: Ratifying Constitution

Amendment proposal

-A change to the Constitution can be proposed if 2/3 of both houses of Congress vote for it

- if 2/3 of the states call for a national convention.

Ratification Proposal

-3/4 of the state lawmaking convention

-3/4 of votes of state legislators

Extradition

Returning a person to another state to face criminal charges

4 ways African Americans were discriminated against

-literacy tests—required voters to be literate to vote

-white primaries—restricted party primaries and candidate selection to whites only

-grandfather clauses—allowed previous voters and their relatives to vote without facing a literacy test or other requirements

-gerrymaxing—drew district lines so that black districts’ votes had

less impact

treason

1. Betraying your country or government.

2. Making war against the U.S. or helping its enemies.