Canadian Geography

What is Geography?

The study of the Earth's landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments.

What are the two main branches of Geography?

Human Geography and Physical Geography.

What are the 5 themes of Geography?

Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, and Region.

What are the two types of maps?

Political maps and Physical maps.

What is a Map Projection?

A method of representing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map.

What are the three types of Scale in mapping?

Ratio scale, linear scale, and verbal scale.

What is the Alphanumeric Grid used for?

To locate specific places on a map using a combination of letters and numbers.

What is a Compass Rose?

A figure on a map used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions.

What are Cardinal Directions?

North, South, East, and West.

What are Intermediate Directions?

Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, and Southwest.

What are the main lines of Latitude?

Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.

What are the six time zones of Canada?

Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Arctic.

Why were time zones created?

To standardize timekeeping due to the expansion of the railway system.

What are the Provinces and Territories of Canada?

Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan; Territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.

What are Renewable Resources?

Resources that can be replenished naturally over time.

What are Non-renewable Resources?

Resources that do not replenish at a sustainable rate, such as fossil fuels.

What is Aquaculture?

The farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.

What are Primary Industries?

Industries that extract or harvest natural resources.

What are Secondary Industries?

Industries that process raw materials into finished goods.

What are Tertiary/Service Industries?

Industries that provide services rather than goods.

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

A model that describes the transition of a country's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

What is Population Density?

The number of people living per unit of area.

What are the types of Population Pyramids?

Expansive, Stationary/Stability, and Declining.

What is Urban Sprawl?

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

What is the importance of the Census?

It provides vital information about population demographics and dynamics.

What are Push Factors in immigration?

Reasons that drive people to leave their home country.

What are Pull Factors in immigration?

Attractive aspects of a destination country that draw people to move there.

What is the Canadian Point System?

A system used to assess the eligibility of applicants for immigration based on skills and attributes.

What are the Layers of the Earth?

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core.

What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

A scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere.

What are the three types of Plate Boundaries?

Divergent, Convergent, and Transform.

What are the classifications of Volcanoes?

Active, dormant, and extinct.

What is the Richter Scale?

A logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

What is a Tsunami?

A series of ocean waves caused by any large and sudden disturbance in or near a body of water.

What are the types of Precipitation?

Relief, Convectional, and Cyclonic (Frontal) precipitation.

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

A natural process where certain gases trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to Earth's overall temperature.

What is the Kyoto Protocol?

An international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

What is the Paris Agreement?

An agreement within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to combat climate change and accelerate actions needed for a sustainable low-carbon future.